Page 479 - Grammar Explorer 2 - demo

3 Spelling Rules for Verbs Ending in -ed

1. Add -ed to the base form of most verbs that end in start-started
a consonant. talk-talked

2. Add -d if the base form of the verb ends in -e. dance-danced
live-lived

3. When the base form of the verb ends in a cry-cried
consonant + -y, change the -y to -i and add -ed. worry-worried

Do not change the -y to -i when the verb ends in a stay-stayed
vowel + -y.
4. For one-syllable verbs that end in a consonant + stop-stopped
a vowel + a consonant (CVC), double the final rob-robbed
consonant and add -ed.

Do not double the final consonant of verbs that follow-followed
end in -w, -x, or -y. fix-fixed
play-played
5. For two-syllable verbs that end in CVC and have ORder-ordered
stress on the first syllable, add -ed. Do not double HAPpen-happened
the final consonant.

For two-syllable verbs that end in CVC and ocCUR-occurred
have stress on the last syllable, double the final preFER-preferred
consonant and add -ed.

4 Common Irregular Noun Plurals

Singular Plural Explanation
man men
woman women
tooth teeth Vowel change
foot feet
goose geese
sheep sheep
fish fish No change
deer deer
child children
person people Different word forms
mouse mice
clothes
groceries
glasses No singular form
jeans/pants/shorts
scissors

Appendices A2
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