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GLOSSARY OF GRAMMAR TERMS

action verb: a verb that shows an action. clause: a group of words with a subject and a verb. (See
➢ He drives every day. dependent clause and main clause.)
➢ They left yesterday morning. ➢ We watched the game. (one clause)
➢ We watched the game after we ate dinner. (two

active voice: a sentence in which the subject performs the clauses)
action of the verb. (See passive voice.)
➢ Michael ate the hamburger. comma: a punctuation mark that separates parts of a
sentence.
adjective: a word that describes or modifies a noun or ➢ After he left work, he went to the gym.
pronoun. ➢ I can’t speak Russian, but my sister can.
➢ She is friendly.
➢ Brazil is a huge country. common noun: a noun that does not name a specific
person, place, thing, or idea.
adjective clause: see relative clause. ➢ man, country, book, help

adverb: a word that describes or modifies a verb, an comparative: the form of an adjective used to talk about
adjective, or another adverb. the difference between two people, places, or things.
➢ He eats quickly. ➢ I’m taller than my mother.
➢ She drives carefully. ➢ That book is more interesting than this one.

adverb clause: a kind of dependent clause. Like single conditional: a structure used to express an activity or event
adverbs, they can show time, reason, purpose, and that depends on something else.
condition. ➢ If the weather is nice on Sunday, we’ll go to the beach.
➢ When the party was over, everyone left.
conjunction: a word used to connect information or ideas.
adverb of frequency: (see frequency adverb.) And, but, or, and because are conjunctions.
➢ He put cheese and onions on his sandwich.
adverb of manner: an adverb that describes the action of
the verb. Many adverbs of manner are formed by adding -ly ➢ I wanted to go, but I had too much homework.
to the adjective. ➢ We were confused because we didn’t listen.
➢ You sing beautifully. consonant: a sound represented by the letters b, c, d, f, g, h,
➢ He speaks slowly. j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, and z.
affirmative statement: a statement that does not have a contraction: two words combined into a shorter form.
verb in the negative form. ➢ did not didn’t
➢ My uncle lives in Portland.
➢ she is she’s
article: a word that is used before a noun: a, an, the. ➢ I am I’m
➢ I looked up at the moon. ➢ we will we’ll
➢ Lucy had a sandwich and an apple for lunch.
count noun: a noun that names something you can count.
auxiliary verb: (also called helping verb.) a verb used with Count nouns are singular or plural.
the main verb. Be, do, have, and will are common auxiliary ➢ I ate an egg for breakfast.
verbs when they are followed by another verb. Modals are ➢ I have six apples in my bag.
also auxiliary verbs.
➢ I am working. definite article: the word the. It is used before a specific
person, place, or thing.
➢ He won’t be in class tomorrow. I found it on the Internet.
➢ She can speak Korean. ➢
➢ The children are sleeping.
base form: the form of the verb without to or any endings
such as -ing, -s, or -ed. demonstrative pronoun: a pronoun that identifies a
➢ eat, sleep, go, walk person or thing.
➢ This is my sister, Kate.
capital letter: an uppercase letter. ➢ Those are Jamal’s books.
➢ New York, Mr. Franklin, Japan

GLOssARY OF GRAMMAR TeRMs G1
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