Page 492 - Grammar Explorer 2 - demo

possessive adjective: an adjective that shows ownership or pronoun: a word that takes the place of a noun or refers to
a relationship: my, your, his, her, its, our, their. a noun.
➢ My car is green. ➢ The teacher is sick today. He has a cold.
➢ Your keys are on the table.
proper noun: a noun that names a specific person, place,
possessive noun: a noun that shows ownership or a or thing
relationship. To make most singular nouns possessive, use ➢ Maggie lives in a town near Dallas.
an apostrophe (’) + -s. To make plural nouns possessive, add
an apostrophe. punctuation: a mark that makes ideas in writing clear.
➢ Leo’s apartment is large. Common punctuation marks include the comma (,),
period (.), exclamation point (!), and question mark (?).
➢ The girls’ books are on the table.
➢ John plays soccer, but I don’t.
possessive pronoun: a pronoun that shows ownership or ➢ She’s from Japan.
a relationship: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs. Possessive ➢ That’s amazing!
pronouns are used in place of a possessive adjective + noun. ➢ Where are you from?
➢ My sister’s eyes are blue. Mine are brown. What color
are yours? quantifier: a word used to describe the amount of a noun.
➢ We need some potatoes for the recipe.
preposition: a word that describes the relationships I usually put a little milk in my coffee.
between nouns. Prepositions show space, time, direction, ➢
cause, and effect; often they occur together with certain question mark: a punctuation mark used at the end of a
verbs or adjectives. question.
➢ I live on Center Street. ➢ Are you a student?
➢ We left at noon.
➢ I’m worried about the test. quoted speech: a statement that includes the exact words
someone said. Quotation marks (“/”) are used around the
prepositional phrase: a phrase that has a preposition + exact words.
a noun or a noun phrase. ➢ She said, “I’m not feeling well.”
➢ I live in New York City.
➢ We saw the movie at the new theater. regular: a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb that changes
form according to standard rules.
present continuous: (see present progressive.) ➢ apple apples
➢ talk talked/talking
present participle: the form of the verb that ends in -ing. ➢ small smaller
➢ She is sleeping. ➢ slow slowly
➢ They are laughing.
relative clause: a clause that describes a noun or indefinite
present perfect: a verb form that connects the past to the pronoun in a sentence. It comes after the noun or pronoun it
present. describes. It is also called an adjective clause.
➢ I have washed the dishes. ➢ The student that I am sitting next to is from Peru.
➢ John hasn’t called today. ➢ I know everyone who lives in my building.

present perfect progressive: a verb form used for a relative pronoun: a pronoun that introduces a relative
situation or habit that began in the past and continues clause. Common relative pronouns are who, whom, whose,
up to the present or an action in progress that is not yet that, and which.
completed. ➢ We met the woman who owns the shop.
➢ I’ve been getting up early. ➢ Here’s the book that you were looking for.
➢ Have you been waiting for a long time?
reported speech: a statement of what someone said that
present progressive: (also called present continuous.) a verb does not have quotation marks.
form used to talk about an action or event that is in progress Adele said that she was sick.
at the moment of speaking; the form can also refer to a ➢
planned event in the future. reporting verb: a verb used to report what people say,
➢ That car is speeding. either in quoted or reported speech (say, tell, ask).
➢ I am taking three classes this semester. ➢ Tomo said, “Hi, how are you?”
➢ We are eating at that new restaurant Friday night. ➢ Jennifer asked if we were busy.

G4 GLOssARY OF GRAMMAR TeRMs
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