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Inseparable intransitive phrasal must and have to as, 352 relative clauses to describe, 296, 316
verbs, A9 in negative statements, 322 singular, 63
Inseparable transitive phrasal passive voice with, 406 spelling rules for plural, 62
verbs, 386, A8 should/ought to as, 361, 362 used as adjectives, 161
Intransitive verbs more, 208
list of common, 374 much, 76 O
phrasal, 385, A9 must/have to, 352 Object pronouns
as subject, 375 must/must not, 333, 352, 354 explanation of, 90
use of, 374, 392 inseparable phrasal verbs with, 386
Introductions, written, 369 N Object relative clauses
Irregular past participles, 124 Necessity explanation of, 303
Irregular plural nouns, 62, A2 lack of, 354 with prepositions, 310
Irregular verbs, 28, A4 methods to express, 352, 368 use of, 303
Italics, for titles of works, 347 Negative imperatives, 40 without that, which, who,
it is true/it is a fact, 430 Negative statements whom, 304
its/it’s, 91 and to show similarity in, 237 Objects
be going to in, 182 direct, 374, 375, 377, 385, 386
J count and non-count nouns in, 76 gerunds as, 266
just, 127 modals in, 322 indirect, 375, 377
in present perfect, 124 with infinitives, 274
L in present perfect progressive, 146 of prepositions, 90, 91, 267, 310
lately, 127 in present progressive, 14 of verbs, 90, 91, 428
Length conversion chart, A10 in simple past, 28 on
less, 216 in simple present, 6 with dates and days of week, 98
Linking verbs, 160, 167 used to in, 48 with terms for location, 99
Logical conclusions, 333 will in, 180 one of the, 223
-ly ending neither, 237, 238 Opinion, 369
for adjectives, 167 never, 8 Opinion adjectives, 162
for adverbs, 167, 209 Non-action verbs, 16, 146 or, 236, 275
spelling rules for, , A3 Non-count nouns other, 64
a little with, 76 ought to, 361, 362
M with category of related items, 71
Manner, adverbs of, 167 explanation of, 70 P
many, 76 a little with, 76 Particle, 384
may/might/could, 332, 338 measurement words with, 77 Passive voice
may not, 354 quantity nouns with, 76 with modals, 406
Measurement words, 77 some/any with, 76 past participial adjectives in, 415
might/may/could, 332, 338 types of, 71 by phrase with, 407, 422
Modals. See also Verbs not present, past, and future forms of,
to ask for permission, 338 before gerunds, 266 399
be able to as, 324 before infinitives, 273 questions in, 406, 408
can/could as, 322, 325, 338 not as...as, 216 use of, 398, 401, 406
can/may as, 338 not have to, 354 Past, simple. See Simple past
explanation of, 322 Noun clauses Past participial adjectives, 415, 416
to ask for permission, 338 with if or whether, 437 Past participles
to express ability, 322–325, 346 in reported speech, 446 explanation of, 415
to express advisability, 361, 368 with that, 428, 430 irregular, 124, 399, A4
to express expectations, 362 use of, 456 in passive voice, 398, 399
expressions similar to, 368 with wh- words, 436 with present perfect, 124
to express logical conclusions, 333 Nouns Past progressive
to express necessity, 352 abstract, 71 affirmative statements in, 35
to express past ability, 325, 346 count, 70, 76 negative statements in, 35
to express possibility, 332, 333, 346 with generalizations, 106 simple past vs., 35
to express prohibition, 354 infinitives acting as, 273 use of, 56
to express requests, 338–340 irregular, 62 when to use, 35
in logical conclusions, 333 non-count, 70, 71, 76, 77 while or when in, 41
in negative statements, 322 plural, 62–64, 105, A2 who or what in questions in, 36
may/might/could as, 332, 338 possessive, 63, 210 wh- questions in, 36
meanings expressed with, 346 proper, 15 yes/no questions in, 36

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