Page 491 - Grammar Explorer 2 - demo

intonation: the rise or fall of a person’s voice. For example, noun: a word that names a person, place, or thing.
rising intonation is often used to ask a question. ➢ They’re students.
➢ He’s a teacher.
intransitive verb: a verb that cannot be followed by a
direct object. noun clause: a clause that can be used in place of a noun,
➢ We didn’t agree. a noun phrase, or a pronoun.
➢ The students smiled and laughed. ➢ I didn’t know that she was here.
➢ I’m not sure if the store is open yet.
irregular adjective: an adjective that does not change form
in the usual way . object: a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.
➢ good better ➢ Mechanics fix cars.
➢ bad worse
object pronoun: a pronoun that takes the place of a noun
irregular adverb: an adverb that does not change form in as the object of the sentence: me, you, him, her, it, us, them.
the usual way. ➢ Rita is my neighbor. I see her every day.
➢ well better ➢ Can you help us?
➢ badly worse
participial adjective: an adjective that is formed like a
irregular verb: a verb with forms that do not follow the present participle (-ing) or past participle (-ed) form of a verb.
rules for regular verbs. ➢ Martin had tired eyes.
➢ swim swam
➢ have had particle: a short word that combines with a verb to form a
phrasal verb; examples include on, out, over, into, up, through,
main clause: a clause that can stand alone as a sentence. It and back.
has a subject and a verb. (See independent clause.) ➢ I looked up the definition.
➢ I heard the news when I was driving home. ➢ The students ran into their teacher at the store.

main verb: the verb that is in the main clause. passive voice: when the focus of a sentence is on the object
➢ We drove home after we had dinner. of the verb instead of the subject. The active voice focuses
on the subject.
measurement word: a word that is used to talk about a ➢ My wallet was stolen.
specific amount or quantity of a non-count noun.
➢ We need to buy a box of pasta and a gallon of milk. past participle: the form of the verb used in perfect and
passive. It usually ends in -d or -ed.
modal: an auxiliary verb that adds a degree of certainty, ➢ Jemila has worked here for a long time.
possibility, or time to a verb. May, might, can, could, will,
would, and should are common modals. past progressive: a verb form used to talk about an action
➢ You should eat more vegetables. that was in progress in the past.
➢ Julie can speak three languages. ➢ He was watching TV when the phone rang.
negative statement: a statement that has a verb in the period: a punctuation mark used at the end of a statement.
negative form. ➢ She lives in Moscow.
➢ I don’t have any sisters.
➢ She doesn’t drink coffee. phrasal verb: a verb and a particle that function as a single
verb. See pages A7–A9 for lists of common phrasal verbs.
non-action verb: a verb that does not describe an action. ➢ Turn off the light when you leave.
Non-action verbs indicate states, sense, feelings, or ➢ She’s figured out the answer.
ownership. They are not common in the progressive.
➢ I love my grandparents. phrase: a group of words that go together but are not
➢ I see Marta. She’s across the street. a complete sentence (i.e., does not have both a subject
and a verb).
➢ They have a new car.
➢ He lives near the train station.
non-count noun: a noun that names something that
cannot be counted. plural noun: a noun that names more than one person,
➢ Carlos drinks a lot of coffee. place, or thing.
He put three boxes on the table.
➢ I need some salt for the recipe. ➢
➢ Argentina and Mexico are countries.

GLOssARY OF GRAMMAR TeRMs G3
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