Page 194 - Physiology and Pathophysiology MNU 2024-2025 نظرى

Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 2 Pharm D Physiology and Pathophysiology (MD303)

2- Transport of carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in 3 forms:

1- Physically dissolved 2- Carbamino hemoglobin

 Carbon dioxide is 20 times more soluble in Approximately 30% of carbon dioxide in the

plasma than oxygen. blood is transported in this form.

 Therefore, approximately 10% of carbon  Carbon dioxide can combine chemically with

dioxide in blood is transported in the the terminal amine groups (NH2) in
dissolved form. hemoglobin  carbamino hemoglobin:

 Deoxyhemoglobin can bind more carbon

dioxide than oxygenated hemoglobin.

 Therefore, unloading oxygen in the tissues
facilitates loading of carbon dioxide for

transport to the lungs.

3- Bicarbonate ions

The remaining 60% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in the form of bicarbonate ions.

This mechanism is made possible by the following reaction:

Measuring the respiratory function

By the measurement of lung volumes & capacities together with the rate of airflow by the spirometer

(spiro = breath, meter = to measure).

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