Page 48 - Physiology and Pathophysiology MNU 2024-2025 نظرى

Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 2 Pharm D Physiology and Pathophysiology (MD303)

3- Medulla oblongata

The vital centers, consisting of groups of cells associated with autonomic reflex activity, lie in its

deeper structure. (Any shock may cause death)

* These are the:

1- Cardiac Centre Regulate heart rate & cardiac output.

2- Respiratory center. Regulate respiratory rate
3- Vasomotor center. Regulate Blood pressure & diameter of blood vessels

4- Reflex centers of vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing.

Cough ➔ due to exclusion of foreign body also sneezing

4-Cerebellum

1- Controls and coordinates the movements of various groups of muscles ensuring smooth, even, concise,
precise actions. (GIT need to contract as one unit)

2- It coordinates activities associated with the maintenance of the balance and equilibrium of the body.

 Damage to the cerebellum results in clumsy uncoordinated muscular movement,

staggering gait and inability to carry out smooth, steady, precise movement.
(Parkinsonism)

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