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Clinical pharmacy 2024/2025 Level 3 Pharm D Pharmacology 1 (PO 502)

 If the adaptive mechanisms adequately restore cardiac output
HF is said to be compensated.

 If the adaptive mechanisms fail to maintain cardiac output
Effect of HF is decompensated.
compensatory
➢ However, these compensations increase the work of the heart (
O2 consumption ➔  metabolites which cause heart damaging)

and contribute to further decline in cardiac performance.

Treatment on 2 pathways

1- Treatment of symptoms signs [  deterioration] occur in heart.

2-  Contractility.

Therapeutic strategies in HF

➢ Chronic HF is typically managed by:
1. ↓ Physical activity.

2. low dietary intake of sodium (<1500 mg/day) ➔ (water retention➔ volume overload
➔high effort on heart)
3. Treatment of co-morbid conditions (ex: hypertension)

4. Judicious use of diuretics, inhibitors of the rennin angiotensin system, and inotropic
agents.

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