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History & Theories of Urban planning Book

Islamic Age

• This civilization emerged after the migration of the Messenger (PBUH) and
spread to large areas.

• Coincided with the Middle Ages in Europe (from the sixth century to the
fifteenth century AD).

• The community consisted of immigrants, supporters and Jews.
• Society was founded on the Holy Quran, Sunnah, Sharia, equality, shura,

privacy and democracy.
• Influenced by the rest of the civilizations at this time.

Islamic Civilization Cities

Islamic cities are classified into:

1- Cities established before Islam and conquered by Muslims
• Roman camps.
• Cities of the Arabian Peninsula (Yathrib).
2- Cities established after the advent of Islam:
• Cities of the capitals of the Caliphate (Baghdad - Damascus).
• Cities of Al-Amsar (Al-Fustat).

Baghdad city

• It was founded 145 AH / 725 AD and was chosen for its location on the trade
routes, the role of the people of Iraq in the Abbasid revolution, its mediation of
the caliphate, and the advantages of a good location, in addition to Abu Jaafar al-
Mansur's hatred of Kufa after the Al-Rundiyah revolution.

• In Iraq, it was one of the capital cities (the Abbasid Caliphate).
• The capital of the emirate was the military.
• A circular layout (the center is the mosque and the palace of the ruler / caliph)

and around it in the second circle the palaces of the princes and administrative
buildings (diwans and military barracks) and around them housing and trade in
the third circle.
• It has 3 walls and 4 gates, and each gate leads to the emirate under its care and a
moat surrounding the city.
• The width of the outer wall is approximately 9 m from the bottom and about 3 m
from the top, and the entrance openings are designed to disable enemy attacks.
• It has markets, a center for soldiers, and residences for princes.
• The residential areas are divided into four neighborhoods overlooking the four
entrances and then extended outside the walls in the form of suburbs.
• It was destroyed by the Tatars and Mongols.

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Dr. Sherein El-Shahat