Page 47 - Pharmaceutics IV (02-06-01305)

Classification of parenterals

SVP LVP

Isotonicity Not essential Essential (Exceptions!)
(Routes!) Hypotonic: 5% dextrose in water
pH
restriction Can vary from 0.45% NaCl
physiological pH Hypertonic: 3% NaCl

(pH 3-9) 5% dextrose & 0.45% NaCl

Should not vary from physiological pH

Buffers Can be used Should not be used (blood buffering
system!)

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Classification of parenterals

When & why used? LVP

• In maintenance therapy for the patient entering or recovering from

surgery and for the patient who is unconscious and unable to take

fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition orally. This provides nutrition and

calories (dextrose solutions, amino acid solutions): total parenteral

nutrition (TPN)
• In replacement therapy for patients who have suffered a heavy loss

of fluid and electrolytes. This replenishes lost body fluids or

electrolytes or correct existing electrolyte imbalance (saline solutions).

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Salma E. EL-Habashy 44