Page 54 - Dosage 1-part2 -ebook_Neat

30/10/2025, 00:02 Pharmaceutical Solutions & Sterile Dosage Forms

IV infusions of non-neutral pH values should be injected very slowly (low infusion rate)
WHY??

To prevent change (acidosis or alkalosis) in blood pH by the large volume (allow rapid
neutralization)

Avoid precipitation of the drug in the circulation (no sudden change in formulation pH)

5. Tonicity (osmotic pressure)

Parenteral preparations should be isotonic. Have the same osmotic pressure (OP) as blood
plasma
Solutions have OP lower than plasma are hypotonic. While, Solutions have OP higher than
plasma are hypertonic.

Hypertonic sol. Risks:

Painful to tissues with nerve supply (IM, SC)
Shrinkage of RBCs (IV, reversible)
Destructive to delicate nerve cells in the spinal cord (intrathecal injection)

Hypotonic sol. Risks:

IV: Haemolysis of RBC which is Irreversible & Fatal.

In some cases, hypertonic IV infusions are deliberately prescribed to the patient !!!!!

In case of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) where high concentrations of nutrients are
required (25% dextrose).

Hypertonic parenteral solutions

Hypertonic solutions for injection can be made isotonic by ............ (dilution)
Hypertonic solutions for IM and SC injections can be injected (slightly painful)
Hypertonic solutions of IV infusions can be injected slowly.

file:///C:/Users/sara talaat/Downloads/solutions and sterile sols.HTML 51/77