Page 58 - Dosage 1-part2 -ebook_Neat

30/10/2025, 00:02 Pharmaceutical Solutions & Sterile Dosage Forms

Uses:

Used for drug solubilization.

Stabilization of water hydrolysable drugs (barbiturates).

Sustained effect (steroids).

3. Additives

Used to provide effective, safe and elegant preparation

Antimicrobial agents (preservatives)

They are added in multiple dose containers to prevent microorganism growth.
Limited concentration of agents is used

Buffers: used to control pH

Tonicity adjusting agents: used to adjust osmotic pressure

Anti-oxidants

Added for the purpose of stability. Example: Reducing agents such as Ascorbic acid & Sodium
metabisulfite

Surfactants

Utilized in parenteral suspensions for wetting, to prevent crystal growth and provide good
syringeability. Used also in parenteral emulsions
Examples: Sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80)

Bulk agents

For freeze dried preparations (cryoprotectant for dry powder preparation)
Examples: Mannitol, Lactose, sucrose.

Suspending agents

Used for parenteral suspension to increase viscosity.
Example: Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) & Methyl cellulose

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