Page 126 - Pharmd general phytochemistry I-Final2024_LEUCTERS

Side effects:
 The undesirable side effects particularly oto- and nephrotoxicity, restricted their

systemic use.

Streptomycin

 Streptomycin is produced by Streptomyces griseus. It was introduced in 1943
primarily for the treatment of tuberculosis.

 The α-hydroxy aldehyde function is a center of instability such that streptomycin
cannot be sterilized by autoclaving, but instead sterilized by ultrafiltration.

 It is rarely used today as a single agent, but with other primary drugs for
tuberculosis such as isonicotinic acid hydrazide, rifampin and p-aminosalicylic acid.

 Alternation of the primary drugs during the course of therapy is employed to retard
resistance emergence and combinations of drugs are used for the same purpose.

Tobramycin

 It is one of a mixture produced by fermentation of Streptomyces tenebrarius. It has
an intrinsically broader spectrum than kanamycin. It is widely used parenterally for
difficult infections, especially those by gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. It is believed by some clinicians to be less toxic than gentamicin.

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