Page 86 - MNU-PM502- Pharmaeutical Microbiology Theoritical Book

Pharm D- Clinical Pharmacy Program Third Level Pharmaceutical Microbiology& Antimicrobials (PM 502)

• A single dose of cephalosporin (such as cefazolin) administered within 1
hour before the initial incision is appropriate for most surgical procedures.

-it targets the most likely organism (skin flora) while avoiding
unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics

- Long serum half life

➢ Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Immunocompromised Patients:

Immunocompromised patients (AIDS), undergoing chemotherapy for cancer, or
who are receiving immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplant, are at
increased risk of infection

➢ Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Before Dental and Other Invasive
Procedures in Patients Susceptible to Bacterial Endocarditis
➢ Antimicrobial Prophylaxis to Prevent Transmission of Communicable
Pathogens to susceptible Contacts

Ex. ciprofloxacin can be given to close contacts of a patient with meningitis
caused by N. meningitides

6- Efficacy at the Site of Infection

➢ the efficacy of antimicrobial agents depends on their capacity to achieve a
concentration equal to or greater than the MIC at the site of infection and
modification of activity at certain sites

➢ Antimicrobial concentrations attained at some sites (eg, ocular fluid, CSF,
abscess cavity, prostate, and bone) are often much lower than serum levels.

➢ First- and second-generation cephalosporins and macrolides do not
cross the blood-brain barrier and are not recommended for central nervous
system infections.

➢ Fluoroquinolones achieve high concentrations in the prostate and are
preferred oral agents for the treatment of prostatitis.

➢ Daptomycin: An excellent bactericidal agent against gram-positive
bacteria is not useful for treatment of pneumonia (eg, pneumococcal
pneumonia) because it is inactivated by lung surfactant.

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