Page 41 - MNU microbiology theoritical 2025

General Microbiology & Immunology (PM 401) Second level Semester 4 2024/2025

• Membrane are composed of phospholipid bilayer , proteins and carbohydrate

arranged in a fluid mosaic structure

1- Phospholipid

2 layers of phospholipids
• Phosphate head is polar (water loving)
• Fatty acid tails non-polar (water fearing)

2- Protein

• Many of the proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer.
Ex: Transport proteins, receptor proteins

3- Carbohydrates
• They are found on the outer surface of cell membranes and are attached to the

membrane proteins (glycoprotein) or sometimes to the phospholipids

(glycolipids).

General Microbiology & Immunology (PM 401) theoretical handbook Page 30