Page 265 - Darwinism Refuted

Harun Yahya (Adnan Oktar)

The Endosymbiosis Hypothesis and Its Invalidity
The impossibility of plant cells' having evolved from a bacterial cell
has not prevented evolutionary biologists from producing speculative
hypotheses. But experiments disprove these. 324 The most popular of these
is the "endosymbiosis" hypothesis.
This hypothesis was put forward by Lynn Margulis in 1970 in her
book The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells. In this book, Margulis claimed that as
a result of their communal and parasitic lives, bacterial cells turned into
plant and animal cells. According to this theory, plant cells emerged when
a photosynthetic bacterium was swallowed by another bacterial cell. The
photosynthetic bacterium evolved inside the parent cell into a chloroplast.
Lastly, organelles with highly complex structures such as the nucleus, the
Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes evolved, in
some way or other. Thus, the plant cell was born.
As we have seen, this thesis of the evolutionists is nothing but a work
of fantasy. Unsurprisingly, it was criticized by scientists who carried out
very important research into the subject on a number of grounds: We can
cite D. Lloyd 325 , M. Gray and W. Doolittle 326 , and R. Raff and H. Mahler
as examples of these.
The endosymbiosis hypothesis is based on the fact that the
mitochondria of animal cells and the chloroplasts of plant cells contain
their own DNA, separate from the DNA in the nucleus of the parent cell.
So, on this basis, it is suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts were
once independent, free-living cells. However, when chloroplasts are
studied in detail, it can be seen that this claim is inconsistent.
A number of points invalidate the endosymbiosis hypothesis:
1- If chloroplasts, in particular, were once independent cells, then there
could only have been one outcome if one were swallowed by a larger cell:
namely, it would have been digested by the parent cell and used as food.
This must be so, because even if we assume that the parent cell in question
took such a cell into itself from the outside by mistake, instead of
intentionally ingesting it as food, nevertheless, the digestive enzymes in the
parent cell would have destroyed it. Of course, some evolutionists have
gotten around this obstacle by saying, "The digestive enzymes had
disappeared." But this is a clear contradiction, because if the cell's digestive

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