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Capitulations at the Treaty
of Lausanne
T he word 'capitulation' usually refers to a country granting various
concessions and privileges to the citizens and consulates of an-
other country on her lands, which might be financial, commercial,
legal, administrative, etc.
When the Ottoman Empire began to give these concessions to the Eu-
th
ropean states and their citizens in the 16 century, the circumstances and the
purpose were different. The Empire was on the rise; it was believed that such
privileges, granted in line with the circumstances of the time, would con-
tribute to the economy. The Empire failed to see the repercussions of this risky
move.
Capitulations were first given to Venetians during the reign of Sultan
Mehmed the Conqueror, then to the French during the reign of Sultan
Mastermind: The Truth of the British Deep State Revealed