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The UK Defence Industry in the 21 Century
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The Five Forces of Americanisation
Notes
1. Taylor & Francis Policy Studies Issue 3-4: The effects of wars: lessons from the war in
Ukraine; Ancinetti, J, March 2024
2. “International collaboration in action:
“AUKUS … will deliver next-generation capabilities for the UK Armed Forces through collaboration with
close allies. Under AUKUS, Australia, the UK, and the US will develop conventionally armed, nuclear-
powered submarines that are interchangeable, as well as advanced technologies such as Artificial
Intelligence, autonomous systems, cyber, hypersonic missiles, and underwater warfare…
“It is estimated that, at its peak, the AUKUS attack submarine programme will have more than 21,000
people working on it at UK sites, with the work generating an additional 7,000 skilled roles. The AUKUS
nations’ ITAR exemption and reciprocal export control arrangements by the UK and Australia have had
a beneficial impact in enabling allies to collaborate...”
The Strategic Defence Review: “Making Britain Safer: secure at home, strong abroad”; The UKM
Ministry of Defence, June 2025
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