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366 Corporate Finance BRILLIANT’S
Mechanisms for Dealing With Share- eo¶ahmoëS>a-‘¡ZoOa {ddmX na H$m¶© H$aZo H$s
holder-Manager Conflicts àUmbr
There are two polar positions for dealing eo¶ahmoëS>a-‘¡ZoOa EO|gr {ddmX na H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$
with shareholder-manager agency conflicts. {bE Xmo Y«wdr¶ pñW{V¶m§ h¢:
At one extreme, the firm's managers are >EH$ N>moa na g§ñWm Ho$ ‘¡ZoOg© H$mo ñQ>m°H$ ‘yë¶ ‘|
compensated entirely on the basis of stock n[adV©Z Ho$ AmYma na nyar j{Vny{V© Xr OmVr h¡&
price changes. In this case, agency costs
Bg pñW{V ‘| EO|gr H$s bmJV H$‘ hmoJr ³¶m|{H$
will be low because managers have great
incentives to maximize shareholder’s ‘¡ZoOg© Ho$ nmg eo¶ahmoëS>a H$s g§n{Îm A{YH$V‘
wealth. It would be extremely difficult, H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$B© B§g|{Q>ìg hmoVo h¢& ¶Ú{n BZ
however, to hire talented managers under AZw~§Yr¶ eVm] Ho$ A§VJ©V à{V^mdmZ ‘¡ZoOg© H$mo
these contractual terms because the firm's
earnings would be affected by economic aI nmZm ~hþV H${R>Z hmoJm ³¶m|{H$ g§ñWm H$s A{Zª½g
events that are not under managerial Am{W©H$ KQ>ZmAm| go à^m{dV hm|Jr Omo à~§YH$s¶
control. {Z¶§ÌU Ho$ AYrZ Zht h¢&
At the other extreme, stockholders could Xÿgao N>moa na ñQ>m°H$hmoëS>g© à˶oH$ ‘¡ZoOo[a¶b H$m¶©dmhr
monitor every managerial action, but this H$m {ZarjU H$a gH$Vo h¢ {H$ÝVw ¶h ~hþV ‘h§Jm VWm
would be extremely costly and inefficient. AHw$eb hmoJm&
The optimal solution lies between the AZwHy$b g‘mYmZ CZ {gam| Ho$ ~rM nm¶m OmVm h¡ Ohm§
extremes, where executive compensation is tied E³Or³¶y{Q>d H$m H§$ånoZgoeZ àXe©Z go Ow‹S>m hmoVm h¡ {H$ÝVw
to performance, but some monitoring is also Hw$N> {ZarjU ^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ZarjU Ho$ A{V[aº$
undertaken. In addition to monitoring, the
following mechanisms encourage managers to {ZåZ{b{IV àUmbr ‘¡ZoOg© H$mo eo¶ahmoëS>g© Ho$ {hV ‘|
act in shareholder’s interests: H$m¶© H$aZo H$m àmoËgmhZ XoVr h¡…
1. Performance-based incentive plans, 1. àXe©Z AmYm[aV B§g|{Q>d ¶moOZmE§
2. Direct intervention by shareholders, 2. eo¶ahmoëS>g© Ûmam grYm hñVjon
3. The threat of firing, and 3. ’$m¶[a¨J H$m g§H$Q> VWm
4. The threat of takeover. 4. Q>oH$Amoda H$m g§H$Q>&
SOLVED PRACTICAL QUESTIONS
Illustration 4.2.11
Given the financial data of two companies A Ltd. and B Ltd. Calculate the values of both
companies using Net Operating Income approach:
A {b{‘Q>oS> VWm B {b{‘Q>oS> Xmo H§$nZrO Ho$ ’$m¶Z|{e¶b S>mQ>m {X¶o J¶o h¢& ZoQ> Am°naoqQ>J B§H$‘ EàmoM H$m Cn¶moJ
H$aHo$ XmoZm| H§$nZrO Ho$ ‘yë¶ H$s JUZm H$s{OE&
Particulars ({ddaU) A (`) B (`)
EBIT 1,50,000 1,50,000
Debt / S>oãQ> 4,00,000 __