Page 90 - Practical Handout bio 2 mnu 2025_Neat
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Level two – Semester 4 - PharmD Biochemistry-II PB-403 (Practical course) 2024/2025
Renal Function Tests (Urea/BUN)
➢ What is urea?
Urea is the metabolic end-product of protein metabolism.
Thus, urea level is dependent on protein intake.
→ Firstly, protein is broken down into individual amino acids.
→ Each amino acid has a carbon skeleton + Amine part which is
converted to Ammonia (NH3).
→ Ammonia is toxic to the central nervous system and thus
must be converted into a less-toxic form, which is urea. This
conversion occurs in the liver through urea cycle.
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