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educational opportunities (Goal 6, n.d.). More than 2 Valley. SANWAD recognizes the requirement for the
billion people, particularly in several developing countries City's growth in terms of its rapid increase in population
within Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Asia, Southern Asia, density. As a result, it continues to engage in projects that
Eastern Asia, and South-Eastern Asia, are living at risk of will broaden its service area and initiatives that will
low access to freshwater resources. Thus, Goal 6 by 2030 enhance its water delivery capabilities.
aims to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and Providing reliable and affordable wastewater treatment
affordable drinking water for all. To do so, a target was in rural and urban areas is challenging, especially for
also to improve water quality by reducing pollution, developing countries [7]. Whereas a centralized
eliminating and reducing dumping, and releasing wastewater collection and treatment system is costly to
hazardous wastes to the environment. Another target of build and operate, a decentralized approach for wastewater
Goal 6 was to implement integrated water resources treatment can be used as an alternative. These employ a
management at all levels by 2030. In addition to being combination of onsite and/or cluster systems, becoming
helpful for the environment, achieving Goal 6 could also more reliable and cost-effective. Additionally, a
achieve Goal 3 of the SGDs 17: Good health and well- decentralized approach to wastewater management may
being (Goal 3, n.d.). As cited in their paper, [2], argued offer wastewater re-use and resource recovery
that there could be considerable benefit in approaching opportunities, improving local environmental health
and implementing together two seemingly separate goals: conditions [8]. It may also provide increased opportunities
the 17 SGDs and the Developmental Origins of Health for local stakeholder participation in planning and
and Disease (DOHaD. Here, the DOHaD demonstrates that decision-making.
early exposures to environmental hazards (e.g., waste, Here, the City of Santiago's water supply and
unsanitary water) could affect future health and that of management systems were assessed in the context of Goal
future generations. 6 of the 17 SDGs. Specifically, factors such as coverage
Isabela is the second largest province in the Philippines service area, population and system facilities, and demand
and the largest on the island of Luzon. Primarily an projections of the existing water management systems
agricultural province, its primary product is rice and corn. were used to assess system sustainability. Additionally, the
In 2012, Isabela was declared the country's top producer of impact of the current water management system on the
corn with 1,209,524 metric tons [3]. Furthermore, it is the communal context was also determined by measuring
th
10 wealthiest province of 2011 [4]. Isabela has four trade consumer satisfaction. And to address global challenges, it
centers in the cities of Ilagan and Santiago City. is necessary to mobilize a variety of resources from a
st
Santiago City is a 1 class independent component city variety of stakeholders, including governments, civil
in Cagayan Valley (Region 2), with 148,580 people [5]. society, the private sector, academia, and citizens, to form
Although statistically grouped by the Philippine Statistics strong multi-stakeholder partnerships and collaboration at
Authority and geographically located within the the global, regional, national, and local levels in response
boundaries of Isabela (as well as part of the province's 4 th to SDGs 17. Finally, better governance policies were
District), it is administratively and legally independent proposed to the local government unit (LGU) of Santiago
from the province (R.A. No. 7160). Politically, it is City using these data.
subdivided into 37 barangays [6]. Covering a total area of To characterize and benchmark the water supply and
2
255.50 km , 80% of which is flat or nearly level land. management systems of residential and industrial locations
Home to several business enterprises, banking institutions, in the City of Santiago. Specifically, this study aims : To
educational institutions, and manufacturing companies, determine the sustainability of water supply in terms of
Santiago City, is considered the Commercial and Trading location (mapping), consumption volume, and distribution;
Center of Cagayan Valley and known as the Investment To determine the waste management practices of
Hub of the North. Some of the major establishments in the residential and locale in terms of total load, location
city operate in commerce (Robinsons Land Corporation), (mapping of dumping sites), method of waste treatment
real estate (Vista Land and Life scapes, Inc.), media and disposal; To assess the consumer/ residential
(ABS-CBN, GMA7, TV5), food and beverage (San Miguel satisfaction of people in Santiago City towards the water
Corp., Pepsi Cola, Purefoods), telecommunications and waste management practices
(Digitel and PLDT), and automotive (Mitsubishi, Nissan,
Suzuki, Hyundai, KIA, Ford, Chevrolet, Peugeot, Foton,
Mahindra). In addition to these industries, the agriculture 2. Methodology
sector also produces and exports to other provinces local
produce such as rice, corn, and high-value fruits and The study uses the GIS (Geographic Information
vegetables. System) to map the respondents' location and highlights
Santiago City has 37 barangays, 23 covered by the reservoir, pumping stations, and water system
SANWAD, with 19,332 households out of 73980 total coverage. There were 395 respondents selected through
population households. Santiago City boasts the most stratified random sampling. The respondents were
extensive and well-maintained business area in Cagayan clustered per zone consisting of 12 active barangays out of