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Figure 5. Santiago Water District Water Treatment and Laboratory

The capacity of the different pumps is reflected in Table Population and Water Demand Projections
1, where pump No. 15 has the highest pumping capacity Considering the future population for the next 30 years,
while pump no. 8 is the least with equivalent pump water demand would also skyrocket with an equivalent
discharge capacities of 77-90 and 30-35 li per second, percent increase of 8.97%, 17.95%, and 28.20% for 2030,
respectively. Nevertheless, the combined discharges of 2040, and 2050 (Table 2), respectively, based on the
these pumps were sufficient to supply the daily water present demand as of 2019. The result analysis does not
demand of all households in the City of Santiago. include the agricultural demands or groundwater
Four (4) elevated water storage tanks/ reservoirs were
strategically installed within the service area to address the withdrawal for agricultural purposes and individual
domestic wells within the City of Santiago. These results
continuous water demand, as shown in Figure 4. In suggest that mining yield would have been reached within
addition to the pumping stations and tanks, one (1) water this timeframe given the above projection estimates.
filtration facility and water treatment laboratory are shown In terms of Sustainability, population and water
in Figure 5 were also constructed at Barangay Mabini to
address water quality issues and concerns. demand projections of Santiago City after 30 years show
that the current system may not be sufficient due to water
Water Usage per Capita losses; thus, improving water facility/service and another
water source for domestic use should be considered to
Domestic water usage under SANWAD was estimated
to be 94.64 L/capita/day considering an average family size sustain consumer demand.
of 5 members. This estimated water usage includes The abovementioned results suggest that another water
drinking water for survival, water for human hygiene, source (e.g., surface water) for domestic use should be
sanitation, plants and gardening, car washing, and modest considered to consider demand and environmental
household needs in preparing foods. This estimate was requirements sustainably. Besides that, the Cagayan valley
below the average consumption of 120 L/capita/day in region is blessed with abundant freshwater resources,
urban settings based on the forecast conducted in major over-groundwater extraction or groundwater mining could
cities of the Philippines by the World Bank in 2010. [9]. still threaten this valuable groundwater resource.