Page 53 - Theoretical and Practical Interpretation of Investment Attractiveness

However, there is a clear distinction between the two approaches. Clusters are notable
for their specialization in various forms of economic activity and are characterized by the
presence of infrastructure organizations and strategic management structures specializing in
economic activity.
According to Y. Gusev, "clusters are considered to be a method of organizing
unsuccessful sectoral development and are being re-examined from a theoretical perspective...
The idea of clusters is a powerful means of moving towards perfected forms of organizing
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production than unsuccessful sectoral development ."
Social development in the transition to an information economy is characterized by
competition among organizations rather than goods (which are often homogeneous), with the
primary competitive advantage lying not in the nature of the product, but in the organization's
ability to reduce the costs of selling its products.
Creating clustered structures for economic development involves creating additional
jobs, increasing local budget revenues, distributing responsibilities, interacting with business
entities, accelerating information dissemination and dissemination of news, enhancing the
innovation activity of small businesses and private enterprises, accelerating the innovation
and investment attractiveness of regions, and offering new opportunities for diversifying the
local economy.
Clusters for business entities are seen as opportunities to participate in large regional
investment projects, generate additional income, enter new markets, reduce costs for
innovation, provide infrastructural support for innovation activities, enhance employee skills,
promote small businesses in innovation, and increase competitiveness in the consumer
market.
In this context, each cluster participant, a company, in pursuit of its own goals,
contributes not only to the efficiency and competitiveness of its own activities but also to the
growth of the competitiveness and efficiency of various other companies in the region, thus
facilitating the formation of a competitive environment. Participation in a local cluster can
also be beneficial for educational and research institutions, as it increases the volume and
quality of scientific research and publications, raises the level of technical provision of
scientific research work, implements investment projects, participates in external projects,
and enhances the skills of scientific and pedagogical staff.
According to the analysis of foreign experience in clustering, there are two main
models, within which a "liberal" and a "dirigiste" cluster policy are implemented. The main
idea of the "liberal" policy is that market relations should prevail, and the role of the state is
limited to eliminating barriers in natural development.

72 Gusev, Y. On the principles of clustering the economy in Russia // Economic Strategies. 2007. No.3. – P. 50-51.

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