Page 54 - Theoretical and Practical Interpretation of Investment Attractiveness

Table 1.4.1
73
Research on Clusters and Their Content and Nature
Scientists Definitions given to the notion of ‘’Cluster’’
Schmitz A cluster is a group of enterprises united in one industry and closely related
to each other.
Swan and Prevezer A cluster is a group of firms which are located in the same geographical area
and forming the same network.
Porter A cluster is a group of related and complementary companies and institutions
operating in one geographical area in special fields.
Elsner A cluster is a group of firms that are functionally related horizontally and
vertically.
Steiner and Hartman A cluster is a group of related and complementary firms, research and
development institutions in collectivein private and semi-collective form.
Bergman and Feser A cluster is a group of commercial and non-commercial organizations, which
serve to ensure the competitiveness of each company operating in the group.
Haag A cluster is an industrialized complex based on regional concentration and
uniting suppliers of goods and raw materials, main producers connected to a
technological chain.
Andersson Clustering is generally a group of firms concentrated in one geographical area
and aimed at solving a certain specific task, they are in a harmonious
relationship with each other, a process of mutual integration of labor forces in
order to strengthen collective competition.

The "dirigiste" cluster policy involves choosing the competitive advantages of
economic clustering, improving the infrastructure of the cluster, and active participation in
the selection of areas where the cluster is being formed.
The study of regional clusters in modern economic literature is a broadly discussed
topic. Scholars continue to analyze various aspects of their development. Today, researchers
are increasingly focusing on shaping the competitive advantages of regions, implementing
regional development strategies, facilitating the mutual influence of small businesses and
private entrepreneurship, and enhancing the quality of education and innovation-investment
activity in regional education systems.

73 Schmitz, Hubert (1992), On the Clustering of Small Firms’, in Rasmussen, J., H. Schmitz andM.P. van Dijk (eds.),
‘Flexible specialization: a new view on small industry, IDS Bulletin (Special Issue), 23 (3):64–69.; Swann G. M. P.,
Prevezer M. and Stout, D., eds., The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering: International Comparisons in Computing and
Biotechnology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.; Porter, M.E. On Competition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard
Business School Press, 1998.; Elsner, W. An industrial policy agenda 2000 and beyond: Experience, Theory and Policy.
Bremen Contributions to Institutional and Social-Economics (Eds.) Biesecker, A./ Elsner, W./ Grenzdorffer, K., No 34,
1998.; Steiner, M. and Hartmann, Looking for the Invisible: Material and Immaterial Dimensions of Clusters, Paper
presented at the Regional Studies Association Annual Conference on ‘Regionalising the Knowledge Economy’,
November 21, London 2001.; Bergman, E.M. and Feser, E.J. Industrial and Regional Clusters: Concepts and Comparative
Applications / Е. М. Bergman, E. J. Feser. Regional Research Institute, WVU., –1999.; Хааг Д. цит. по Мигранян А.А.
Теоретические аспекты формирования конкурентоспособности кластеров в странах с переходной экономикой.
http. // www.kkrsu.edukg/vestnik/v31a15.html; Andersson, Thomas, Sylvia Schwaag Serger, Jens Sorvik, and Emily
Wise Hansson. The Cluster Policies Whitebook. International Organisation for Knowledge Economy and Enterprise
Development, Malmo 2004.
51