Page 22 - UNI 101 Computer Science Handout.

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• Input/output.

• Basic arithmetic and logical calculations.

• Data transformation or translation (e.g., program compilation, foreign language translation, file
updating).

• Data sorting.

• Searching for data matches.

• Data storage and retrieval.

• Data movement (e.g., movement of text or file data to make room for insertion of additional

data).
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdziYWEkDIM

2.1.1 Hardware Component

The most visible part of the computer system is obviously the hardware that makes up the system.

Consider the computer system upon which you write and execute your programs. You use a keyboard

and mouse to provide input of your program text and data, as well as for commands to the computer. A
display screen is commonly used to observe output. A printer is frequently available as an alternative

output to the screen. These are all physical components. Calculations and other operations in your

program are performed by a central processing unit (CPU) inside the computer. Memory is provided to

hold your programs and data while processing is taking place. Other input and output devices, such as a
disk and SD plug-in cards, are used to provide long-term storage of your program and data files. Data

and programs are transferred between the various input/output devices and memory for the CPU to

use. The CPU, memory, and all the input, output, and storage devices form the hardware part of a

computer system. The hardware forms the tangible part of the system. It is physical—you can touch it,
which is what the word ‘‘tangible’’ means. A typical hardware block diagram for a computer is seen in

Figure In addition to the input and output devices shown in this diagram, Figure lists some other input

22 Academic Year 2025/2026