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conducted on e-learning in higher education in Oman as e-learning is of importance in Oman specifically
due to the continuous increase in students who qualify for higher education. As e-learning is at an
experimental stage in Omani higher education, there are few reports on the effectiveness of e-learning.
However, the authors attempted to draw conclusions from practices and research regarding the adoption
of e-learning.

5.2 Saudi previous studies on e-learning:
The second section of the literature review focused mainly on those previous studies referring to
the Saudi Arabian setting and included more than twenty studies discussing the challenges, hurdles,
problems, and the future of e-learning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
First, Abdullah Aljaber (2018) investigated the challenges and successes of the e-learning policy in
Saudi Arabia. His paper aimed at providing a historical overview of the development and evolution of e-
learning in Saudi Arabia. The paper explored the recent e-learningrelated developments in King Saud
University, King Faisal University, King Abdulaziz University, and the Saudi Electronic University. As part of
that analysis, the paper explored the challenges that are being encountered and the strategies that each of
these institutions is implementing to support and develop e-learning. Finally, that analysis explored the
growth potential of e-learning and the efforts made to support Saudi Arabia’s growing university student
population. The paper included an exploration of the methods of evaluating, securing, and modifying the
current systems.
Next, Mefleh AlJuda (2017) investigated the evaluation of e-learning at the University of Tabuk in
Saudi Arabia. His study evaluated the experiences and perceptions of students regarding e-learning
systems and their preparedness for e-learning. It also investigated the overall perceptions of students
regarding e-learning and the factors influencing students’ attitudes towards e-learning. The study used
convenience sampling in which students of the Education & Arts and Business Administration colleges
were emailed the survey. Of the distributed questionnaires, five hundred completed were received and
analyzed. The findings revealed that the majority of the sampled participants used and benefited from the
e-learning system. The results also indicated that students underwent an adequate training program
provided by the University on the use of e-learning. Furthermore, the results disclosed that participants
reasonably received technical support when they used electronic cards on e-learning web portals. In
addition, regression analysis found that only recorded lectures help to compensate for the virtual class,
manuals, instructions, and guidelines published at web portals, and the easiness of the e-learning system
provided by the University was statistically significant with the positive attitude towards the e-learning
system. The findings provided a preliminary framework for future studies on e-learning systems across

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