Page 11 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

Grammatical Terms

The following are brief explanations of some grammatical terms used in this
dictionary.

Active Sentence A sentence which describes an action from the agent's
point of view. (cf. Passive Sentence) In active sentences, the subject is the
agent. Sentences (a) and (b) below are an active and a passive sentence,
respectively.
(a) CAY^ 9% L*=T:,
(The teacher scolded John.)
(b) 7 3 9C2%&b: L*l;fLl:o
(John was scolded by the teacher.)

Agent One who initiates and /or completes an action or an event. The
agent is not always in the subject position. Compare the positions of the agent
Bill in (a) and (b).
(a) ell.b;t~-.tfBb= f.,
(Bill hit Martha.)
(b) T--tfGie)bb:LT.fLl&
(Martha was hit by Bill.)

Appositive Clause (Construction) A clause which modifies a noun (01
noun phrase) and explains what the modified noun is. In (a), Meari ga Tomu ni
affa 'Mary met Tom' is an appositive clause, and is what jijirsu 'the fact' refers
to.
)ItL C CQ L
(a) $L ~2% 71) -75'1' ~c:&~~:~~%~~-cL~&.
(I know the fact that Mary met Tom.)

Auxiliary Adjective Adependent adjective that is preceded by and