Page 665 - Understanding Psychology

learning theories of personality, 387–90; behaviorism, 388–89; cogni- tive, 396–97; main ideas, c403; social cognitive, 389–90
lens, 215
lesions, creating brain, 166 letters from Jenny (Allport), 400,
408–09
lie detection, 334
life span, p58–59; adolescence,
92–125; adulthood, 129–36; child- hood. See children; infants; old age, 137–43
light: as electromagnetic radiation, 216; as monocular depth cue, 228; vision and, 216
limbic system, 161–62
linear perspective, 228
linguistic relativity, 308
lithium carbonate, 508
Little Albert case study, 249 lobes, brain, 162–65
lobotomy, prefrontal, 510
locus of control, 389 longitudinal study, 38
long-term memory, 278–80; class-
mates in, 283, g291; in cortex, p280;
hippocampus and, p280
Los Angeles riots, q564
Lou Gehrig s disease, 148
love: companionate, 536; romantic,
536; triangular theory of, 537, c539;
types of, p536
LSAT. See Law School Admissions
Test
LSD, 200–01
M
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 167–68, p168; schizophrenia and, 469
maintenance rehearsal, 276–77 major depressive disorder, 470 maladaptive thought patterns,
501–02, c501
male development theory, 133–35,
c134
mandala, p195
marijuana, 198–99
marriage: adulthood and, 132; Amish
courting candle, p132; arranged, 133; as formal commitment, 538; love and, 535–37; problems and divorce, 538–40; as stressor, 418; marshmal-
low test, 373; masculinity-femininity
scale (MMPI), c365
maturation: defined, 64; early (case
study), 100; sexual, 95–99 maturational readiness, 64 MCAT. See Medical College
Admissions Test
mean, 50–51
media: gender in, p119; violence in, 565 median, 50–51
Medical College Admissions Test
(MCAT), p360
meditation, 195, 434
memory: amnesia, 286–87; associa-
tion and, 287–88; brain and, 180–81 (reading), 279–80; declarative, 279, 280; defined, 274; echoic, 275; eidetic, 284; episodic, 279; eye- witness testimony and, 284; failure, crt286; flashbulb, 286; forgetting and, 285–87; hippocampus removal and, 281 (case study), 292 (reading); iconic, 275; improving, 287–88; intelligence and, c349; life without, q273; long-term, 278–80; marijuana and formation of, 199; meaningful- ness and, 287–88; mnemonic devices, 288; procedural, 279; processes, 274, c274; recall, 283–85; recognition, 283; reconstructive, 284; relearning, 285; retrieving information, 282–88; semantic, 279; sensory, 274–76; short-term, 276–78, p277, 280; stages of, c275; systems of, c278; thought and, 272–91; working, 278
Memory s Ghost (Hilts), 292–93 menarche, 96
menopause, 131
mental health assistant, 605–06 mental health professionals, 485–86 mental illness, 449, 486; humane
treatment for, p611. See also psycho-
logical disorders
mental maps, gender and formation
of, c121
mental set, 299
messiah complex, 103
metabolism, genetics and, 323 metacognition, 297
Method of Loci, 288
Meyers-Briggs test, 366
Milgram experiment, 44–45, 558–60,
p560, g573
Minnesota Multiphasic Personal- ity Inventory (MMPI), 364–65; scales, c365
mnemonic devices, 288
mode, 50–51
modeling: in behavior therapy, 504;
defined, 262; with rational-emotive
therapy, 501
monocular depth cues, 227–28, p228 mood disorders: bipolar disorder,
471; explaining, 472; major depres- sive disorder, 470; seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 472
moral development, 84–86; adoles- cence and, 103–04
moral principle, superego and, 380 Moro reflex, 62
morpheme, 305
mother: surrogate, 76, p76, 315, p315.
See also parents
motion parallax, 228
motion sickness, 220
motivation: cognitive theory, 316–17;
defined, 314; drive-reduction theory, 314–16; extrinsic, 316–17; incentive theory, 316; instinct theory, 314; intrinsic, 316–17; overjustification and, 317; theories of, 313–17; uncon- scious, 18–19. See also motives
Motivation and Personality
(Maslow), 393
motives: to avoid success, 325; biolog-
ical, 320–23; social, 323–26. See also
motivation
motor cortex, 162; primary, p162 Mowrer s experiment, 246, c269 MRI. See magnetic resonance imaging M ller-L yer illusion, p230 multiple intelligences theory,
349–51, c351
multiple personalities, 462 multiple sclerosis, 157 Munchausen s Syndrome case
study, 464
myelin sheath, 157, c157
N
narcolepsy, 188
National Institute on Drug Abuse
(NIDA), q197
National Organization for Women
(NOW), 441, 548
National Television Violence Study
(NTVS), 262
Native Americans, Huichol, peyote
Index learning theories of personality–Native Americans
use of, 200
Index 651