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Table of Contents

Chapter 1……………………………………………………………………………………

1.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………... 1

1.1.1 Water crisis in Jordan ……………………………………………………………...2

1.1.2 Seawater treatment technologies ………………………………………………..…3

1.1.3 Solar energy in the Middle East…………………………………………………....5
1.2 Related Works………………………………………………………………………...6

1.2.1 Graphene Oxide in Seawater Desalination……………………………………….6

1.2.2 Adsorption desalination by using silica Gel………………………………………6

1.2.3 Thermal desalination using a non-boiling bubble column……………………….6

1.2.4 Intelligent sensor……………………………………………………………………7

1.2.5 hybrid desalination using Concentrating solar power (CSP) in the thermal
desalination plant………………………………………………………………………….7

Chapter 2…………………………………………………………………………………..8
2.1 Fresh Water Properties……………………………………………………………..9

2.2 Seawater desalination methods…………………………………………………….10

2.2.1 Membrane Desalination………………………………………………………….11

2.2.2 Thermal Desalination…………………………………………………………….13

2.3Seawater Desalination Plants…………………………………………………………16

Chapter 3………………………………………………………………………………….18

3.1 Reheat Solar Collector Cycle (RSCC) :…………………………………………….19
3.2 Mathematical study for RSCC:…………………………………………………….20

Assumptions ………………………………………………………………………………20

Solar collectors calculations ……………………………………………………………..20

Flash vessels calculation………………………………………………………………….22

Chapter 4…………………………………………………………………………………..28

Results……………………………………………………………………………………..29

Discussion………………………………………………………………………………….31

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