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o Attach adhesive strips or foam boots snugly but not too tight.
3. Attach Weights and Pulleys:
o Ensure smooth movement without obstruction.
4. Monitor for Complications:
o Assess for skin breakdown, numbness, or changes in perfusion.

3. Steps for Applying Skeletal Traction

1. Prepare the Patient:
o Administer local or general anesthesia as needed for pin insertion.
2. Insert Pins or Wires:
o The physician inserts pins directly into the bone at designated anatomical sites.
3. Attach the Traction Frame:
o Secure the external frame and attach weights as prescribed.
4. Regular Pin Site Care:
o Follow hospital protocol (e.g., chlorhexidine or saline cleaning) to prevent
infection.
5. Monitor for Signs of Infection or Neurovascular Compromise:
o Look for redness, drainage, pain, or abnormal sensory changes.

Introduction to External Fixation Devices

1. Definition and Indications

External fixation involves using metal rods, pins, or screws outside the body to stabilize
fractures and soft tissue injuries. It is commonly used for:

• Open fractures requiring wound care access
• Severe comminuted fractures
• Bone lengthening procedures (e.g., Ilizarov technique)
• Temporary stabilization before definitive surgery

2. Types of External Fixation Devices

• Monoplanar Fixators: Simple frame structure used for tibial or femoral fractures.
• Circular Fixators (Ilizarov Frame): Used for complex limb reconstruction or
lengthening.
• Hybrid Fixators: Combines circular and monoplane techniques for irregular fractures.