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a. Heat Molding and Thermoplastic Adjustments

• Thermoplastic braces (e.g., ankle-foot orthoses, scoliosis braces) can be heat-molded to
conform more precisely to the patient’s limb or torso.
• Example: A Boston scoliosis brace can be customized by applying heat and reshaping the
plastic to improve spinal alignment.

b. Adjustable Hinges for Range of Motion Control

• Some braces feature hinges that allow controlled movement and can be adjusted as the patient
progresses through recovery.
• Example: A post-op knee brace with an adjustable dial hinge can be set to limit knee flexion
and extension at different degrees.

c. Strap and Padding Modifications

• Custom padding can be added to braces for extra comfort and pressure relief, particularly for
patients at risk of skin breakdown or ulcers.
• Straps can be adjusted for better compression and stability, especially in patients with
swelling or volume changes in the limb.
• Example: A patellar stabilizing brace may have additional straps added to support patellar
tracking in patients with malalignment.

d. 3D Scanning and Digital Bracing Technology

• Advanced orthotic labs use 3D scanning technology to create digitally designed braces that
provide a superior fit.
• Example: A custom-molded ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) created from a 3D scan of the patient’s
foot and lower leg ensures precise alignment and support.

e. Material Selection Based on Patient Needs

• Carbon fiber and lightweight composites: Used for high-performance sports braces requiring
maximum strength with minimal weight.
• Rigid thermoplastics: Commonly used in spinal braces (e.g., TLSO for scoliosis) for
maximum support and correction.
• Soft fabric and neoprene braces: Provide mild support and compression, used for conditions
like mild ligament sprains or arthritis.

f. Dynamic and Functional Bracing for Neuromuscular Conditions

• Some patients, particularly those with neurological conditions like stroke or multiple sclerosis,
benefit from dynamic bracing systems.
• Example: Dynamic AFOs with tension-adjustable bands assist in improving gait by
facilitating dorsiflexion in patients with foot drop.