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Types of Crutches:

• Axillary Crutches – Most common type, used for temporary mobility support.
• Forearm (Lofstrand) Crutches – Provides greater control for long-term users.
• Platform Crutches – Used for patients with upper extremity weakness who cannot support
weight on their wrists.

Proper Crutch Fitting:

• Adjust height to allow 2 inches (5 cm) of space between the axilla and the crutch top.
• Elbow should be bent 15-30 degrees when holding the handgrip.
• Weight should be borne on hands and forearms, not the armpits, to prevent nerve damage.

2. Walkers

Walkers provide additional stability for patients with balance deficits or weakness.

Types of Walkers:

• Standard Walker – Requires the patient to lift it for movement, offering maximum stability.
• Rolling Walker – Equipped with wheels for easier forward movement.
• Hemi-Walker – Used for patients with one-sided weakness, such as after a stroke.

Proper Walker Fitting:

• Adjust handle height so that elbows are bent at 20-30 degrees when holding the walker.
• Ensure patient moves the walker first, then steps forward to prevent falls.

3. Canes

Canes provide balance support and partial weight-bearing assistance.

Types of Canes:

• Single-Point Cane – Provides minimal support for mild balance impairments.
• Quad Cane – Offers increased stability with four contact points.
• Offset Cane – Distributes weight over a larger area to improve support.

Proper Cane Fitting:

• Handle should be at wrist level when the arm is at rest.
• The cane should be used on the opposite side of the affected leg.
• Patients should advance the cane first, followed by the affected leg, then the stronger leg.