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Major operational risks and mitigation

                                 approaches






                              Risk                   Description                                Mitigation strategy


                                                     •    Demographic data
                              Inaccurate                                                        •    Pre-construction mitigation is to conduct own site surveys
                              demographic                 (households, electrification,         •    Use standardized templates for site survey
                                                          incomes, etc.) available not
                              data                                                              •    If demand is low, implement demand stimulation programs
                                                          accurate






                                                     •    Non-payment resulting from a  •            Include force majeure clauses in contracts outlining risks
                                                          significant event such as civil  •         Explore insurance coverage options if not cost-prohibitive
                              Mass non-
                              payment                     unrest or acts of terrorism,          •    Community engagement to understand cause of non-payment
                                                          operational change or                 •    Employ preventive methods such as customer education on
                                                          community attitude                         implications of default to drive behavioral change





                                                                                                •    Upfront customer/community engagement
                                                     •    Community decides to no               •    Ensure total cost of power (tariff) is lower than comparable
                              Consumption                 longer use the mini grid due               options
                              decline                     to better options becoming
                                                          available                             •    Evaluate options for repurposing equipment or selling on the
                                                                                                     secondary market





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