Page 72 - CAPE ANIMATION AND GAME DESIGN SYLLABUS

Virtual team A number of individuals who work online towards the achievement of
common goals. Team members do not meet physically but may use
video-conferencing technology and other online tools to collaborate.

Waterfall method/ model A conventional method/model of software development which
emphasises rigorous specification and planning. It is in contrast to RAD
approaches to software development which put less emphasis on
planning tasks and more emphasis on development, emphasising the
necessity of adjusting requirements in reaction to knowledge gained
as the project progresses.

Wire bending The use of malleable wire to create an outline/sculpture of a figure.
In animation the process involves making a rough shape of the figure
intended for 3D animation.

Wire framing The process of creating a basic visual layout of the intended finished
product such as a website or user interface.

Zero-sum (Constant-sum) A game in which one player's winnings are the others'
losses, so the net gain is zero across all players.

2D The traditional animation method that has existed since the late
1800s. It is one drawing followed by another in a slightly different
pose, followed by another in a slightly different pose, on and on for 24
frames a second. 2D animation focuses on creating characters,
storyboards and backgrounds in two-dimensional environments. The
figures can move up and down, left and right. They do not appear to
move toward or away from the viewer, as they would in 3D animation.
2D animation uses bitmap and vector graphics to create and edit the
animated images and is created using computers and software
programs, such as Adobe Photoshop, Flash, After Effects and Encore.
These animations may be used in advertisements, films, television
shows, computer games or websites.

3D The creation of moving pictures in a three-dimensional digital
environment. This is done by sequencing consecutive images, or
frames, that simulate motion by each image showing the next in a
gradual progression of steps, filmed by a virtual camera and then
output to video by a rendering engine. The eye can be fooled into
perceiving motion when these consecutive images are shown at a rate
of 24 frames per second or faster. 3D techniques usually build virtual
worlds in which characters and objects move and interact. 3D
animation can create images that seem real to the viewer.

CXC A37/U2/15 67 www.cxc.org