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ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺇ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ (ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻻﻏﻲ)
ﻭﺍﻵﺮﺧ ( ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ) .ﻭﻲﻫ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺎﺳﺎﻴﺳﻥ :ﻟﻔﻈﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺮﻴﻏ ﻟﻔﻈﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻢﺴﻘﻟ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺎﻤﻠﻋﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ،ضﻛﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﻴﺋﺔ ﻭﻮﺤﻧﺎﻫ ٠٠ﻭﺮﺼﺤﻨﻳ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﺫﻥ 2ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻷﺍﻭﻝ ،ﺃﻱ (ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻴﻈﻔﻠﻟﺔ).
٤ﻭﻢﺴﻘﻨﺗ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺛﻻﺛﺔ ﺃﺎﺴﻗﻡ:
١ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍ (ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺎﻤﺗﻡ ﺎﻤﺴﻣﺓ ،ضﻛﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥﻭﺍﻷﺪﺳ
ﻣﺜﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻬﻤﺎ ).
ﺗﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ( ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺴﻤﺎﺓ ،ضﻛﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ -٢ﺩﻻﺔﻟ
ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ).
٢ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﻣﻴﺔ (ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰﻻﺯﻡﺎﻨﻌﻣﻩ ،ضﻛﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺎﺴﻧﻥ ﻋﻠﻰضﻛﻪﻧ
ﺮﺤﺘﻣضﻛ ،ﺃﻭﺷﺎﻏﻻﻬﺠﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺫ ﻟﻚ .) ٠.
٤ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔﺍﻷﻭﻰﻟ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ (ﻭﻴﻌﺿﺔ ) ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺘﻴﻦﻷﻥﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ،ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ
ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺰﻭﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻭﻮﺟﺩ ﺍﻟﻻﺯﻡ.
#ﻭﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ،ﺗﺪﺧﻞ( 2ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻻﻏﺔ ) ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ (ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ) ،ﻭﻫﻮ
ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻍ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ.
٤ﻭﺍﺪﻟﻻﺎﺘﻟﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺘﺎﻥ ( ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺰﻭﻡ ) ﺗﺪﺭﺱ 2ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ( ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺯ).
#ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﺯ :ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻮﺿﻉ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﺔﻣﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﺯ ﺎﻤﺴﻗﻥ :ﻟﻐﻮﻱ ،ﻭﻲﻠﻘﻋ .ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
ﻳﺠﺮﻱ 2ﻴﻠﻤﻋﺔ ﺇﺎﻨﺳﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ،ﺃﻭﺎﻣ 2ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ.
