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learning. This means the extent to which the willingness and
effort of the teacher are concerned.

b. Types of Learning Resources
Message (message) is learning information to be conveyed, which
can be in the form of ideas, facts, teachings, values , and data. Messages

are learning information that will be conveyed, which can be in the
form of ideas, facts, teachings, values , and data.

People (people) are humans who act as seekers, stores, processors,
and presenters of messages, for example, teachers, lecturers, tutors,
librarians, laboratory assistants, instructors, sports coaches, experts,

producers, researchers, and many more, including the students.
Materials are software containing learning messages usually

presented through specific equipment. Examples include textbooks,
modules, transparencies (OHT), audio cassettes, video cassettes, sound
slide programs, programmed instructions, CAI (computer-based

learning), and films.
Tools are hardware (hardware) used to present messages stored in
the material. Examples include OHP, slide projector, tape recorder,

video/CD player, computer, film projector, and others.
Techniques are particular procedures or steps that are prepared
using materials, tools, environments, and people to convey messages,

for example, demonstrations, discussions, practicums, independent
learning, open/distance education systems, face-to-face tutorials, and so

on.
The setting/environment is the situation around the learning process
where students receive learning messages. The environment is divided

into two types, namely, the physical environment and the non-physical
environment. The physical environment includes school buildings,

libraries, laboratories, halls, workshops, and others. At the same time,
the non-physical environment includes study room layout, air
ventilation, weather, atmosphere, learning environment, and others.