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negative effects on both chemical research and the chemical industry can be

reduced through the implementation of the 12 principles of green chemistry.

1. Mencegah Timbulnya Limbah (Waste Prevention)

Prioritizing waste prevention rather than handling or cleaning up

waste that appears after the synthesis process and minimizing waste in
each process. As already stated, green chemistry aims to reduce or

eliminate the use of hazardous chemicals by designing chemical
products and processes.

2. Memaksimalkan Nilai Ekonomi Atom (Atom

Economy)

Reduces waste at the molecular level by maximizing the atomic

number of all reactants into the final product. The atomic economy
value is used to assess the proportion of the products produced

compared to the reactants used. If all the reactants can be completely
converted to products, it can be said that the reaction has an atomic

economic value of 100%. Atom economy is here to evaluate reaction
efficiency. The efficiency or economic value of the atom can be

calculated from the molecular mass of the product divided by the total

number of molecular masses of the compounds formed.
Here's the equation.

( ℎ )
= × 100%
( ℎ )

3. Mendesain Proses Sintesis Kimia yang Aman (Less

Hazardous Chemical Synthesis)

Design of synthetic methods to avoid using or producing toxic
substances for humans or the environment. By designing safe chemical

synthesis, the environment and humans will not be damaged. Design