Page 81 - نموذج

524 19 Writing Recommendation Reports

in this book submission, and the name or logo of the writer’s company. Sometimes the
For more about cover materials cover also includes a security notice or a statement of proprietary information.
and types of bindings, see
Ch. 11, p. 268.
Title Page A title page includes at least the title of the report, the name of
the writer, and the date of submission. A more complex title page might also
include a project number, a list of additional personnel who contributed to
the report, and a distribution list. See page 533 in the sample recommenda-
tion report for an example of a title page.

Abstract An abstract is a brief technical summary of the report, usually no
more than 200 words. It addresses readers who are familiar with the techni-
cal subject and who need to decide whether they want to read the full report.
In an abstract, you can use technical terminology and refer to advanced con-
in this book
For more about abstract cepts in the field. Abstracts are sometimes published by abstract services,
services, see Ch. 6, p. 128. which are useful resources for researchers.
Abstracts often contain a list of half a dozen or so keywords, which are en-
tered into electronic databases. As the writer, one of your tasks is to think of
the various keywords that will lead people to the information in your report.
There are two types of abstracts: descriptive and informative. A descriptive
abstract — sometimes called a topical, indicative, or table-of-contents abstract —
describes the kinds of information contained in the report. It does not provide
the major findings (important results, conclusions, or recommendations). It
simply lists the topics covered, giving equal emphasis to each. Figure 19.4 is a
descriptive abstract from a report by a utility company about its pilot program

abStRact
“design of a Radio-based System for distribution automation”
by brian d. crowe
At this time, power utilities’ major techniques of monitoring their distribution systems are
after-the-fact indicators such as interruption reports, meter readings, and trouble alarms.
These techniques are inadequate because they are expensive and they fail to provide the
utility with an accurate picture of the dynamics of the distribution system. This report
describes a project to design a radio-based system for a pilot project. This report describes the
criteria we used to design the system, then describes the hardware and software of the system.

Keywords: distribution automation, distribution systems, load, meters, radio-based systems,
utilities

This abstract is descriptive rather
than informative because it does
not explain the criteria or describe
the system.
figure 19.4 descriptive abstract
Source: Crowe, 1985.

19_MAR_67948_Ch19_512-562.indd 524 11/29/11 3:36 PM