Page 61 - Agroforestry system - book inner (final corrected) - 9.-3-21_Neat
P. 61
National level e-symposium on “Agroforestry system for augmenting livestock
productivity and empowering resource poor rural farmers”
Over coming Anti nutrients in Tree Fodders
a. Supplementation
b .Dilution
c. Simple detoxification treatments
Integration of Livestock in Different Agroforestry systems
Performance of lambs and kids under different agroforestry systems showed significant Iiveweight gains
a) Silvipastoral system
Silvopasture is an agroforestry system that combines trees and livestock with forage to form a carefully
designed system. Silvopasture increases Organic Livestock Proximity Index .The rate of the Organic Livestock
Proximity Index (OLPI) increases when pastures are managed to have a greater tree density (IFOAM. (2019).
Cattle
a) Growth : It is reported that when the Leucaena is sown in wide-spaced rows 4- 10 m apart and an improved
grass such as Chloris gayana, Panicum maximum or Cenchrus ciliaris is sown between the Leucaena rows
with high stocking rates of up to 0.6 to 1 steer/ha and Iiveweight gains of 255-330 kg/hd/year can be achieved
system (Middleton et al. 1994).
Gutteridge and Shelton (1991) reported liveweight gains of 0.70 kg/ hd/day over 15 months for young
heifers grazing a mixed Sesbania sesban , Brachiaria decumbens pasture.
In a silvopastoral grazing trial when top feed from L. leucocephala and A. tortilis were introduced
growing heifers gained on average 55 g/head/day
In Philippines leucaena is the most popular tree legume. Farmers with small dairies feed their animals
with 15- 19 kg fresh leaves in combination with fresh grass fodder and obtain 4-7 kg milk/cow/day .
Sheep: Sheep under rubber has been extensively investigated (Tajuddin et al. 1993). Experiments showed
that productivity was moderate under young rubber (2-5 years) plantations provided palatable leguminous
cover crops were grazed, but low under mature rubber where light levels had fallen to < 20% transmission of
photo synthetically active light.
Goats and sheep grazed on SPS gained 28.6 g, whereas on natural grassland the gain was only 10.8 g .
Similarly, lambs and kids grazed on silvopasture gained in their body weight of 54.8 and 36.8 g, whereas on
natural grassland showed 41.2 and 26.4 g weight gain, respectively.( Aayush Yadav et al,. 2019 ).
It is reported (Bandeswaran et al, 2014 ) that the Silvipastoral system increased dry fodder biomass yield
from 1.25 – 4.50 tons (natural pasture) to 4.50 – 8.70 tons per hectare per year and could hold 8-15 sheep per
hectare.
Silvipasture with Leucena leucocephala + Gliricidia sepium + Albizia lebbeck as tree components
and Cenchrus ciliaris + Stylosanthes scabra as pasture components was recommended for greening of
wastelands in rain fed condition.
42 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Animal Production Studies, TANUVAS
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
