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Clinical pharmacy PharmD program Third level Phytochemistry-1 (PG-504)

Pharmacological properties and Medical problems:

• Once absorbed by the body, galactose is converted to glucose to provide
energy.

• Medical problems:– galactosemia (genetic disorder) where enzyme

responsible for galactose metabolism is missing, that results in accumulation of

galactose in the body, liver damage, cataracts ءاضيبلا ةايملا , and severe mental
retardation.

3) D-(-)-Fructose: (Fruit sugar, laevulose)

• Fructose is found in fruits and honey, and occurs combined with glucose in the

disaccharide cane-sugar (sucrose). It occurs also in the polysaccharide, inulin,

in dahlia tubers and chicory ...etc.

• Naturally occurring fructose (fruit sugar) is laevorotatory, and is also known as

laevulose.

Preparation:

i) By acid hydrolysis of inulin to yield fructose.

ii) By hydrolysis of sucrose (cane-sugar) using acid or enzyme (invertase),

followed by separation of fructose form glucose by means of:

1) Fractional crystallization.

2) Precipitation of fructose as insoluble calcium fructosate, C 6H 11O 5.Ca(OH) 2,

washed. Calcium fructosate is suspended in water and decomposed by passing

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