Page 10 - Chinese Archaic Jades From The Yangdetang Collection PART II Christie's.pdf

figs. 2 and 3 woodblock prints depicting table-top tuo in Tiangong kaiwu
圖二、三 《天工開物》中的砣機式樣

由木質改為鐵質，砣頭改為人造鑽石粉與砣片鑄合在 mechanisms were used. During this period, solid
一起的鋼砣，由足踏動力改為電動力，解放了玉工的 evidence indicated the use of a tuo. Since people sat
雙腳，治玉速度更快。 on their heels when working with jade, a low table-
top tuo would have accommodated a bronze wheel and
以上五個時期，以中國治玉工藝中工具的發展為基礎， manually powered by hands. With increased technical
雖然對應了某段歷史時期，但朝代的更迭伊始並不代 skills and the use of bronze metal tools, these permitted
an accelerated speed in which jades was carved. (fig. 1)
表技術的立即進步，而存在漸變進步的特點。
The use of iron low table-top tuo ushered the third
前三個時期，治玉砣機的式樣均是根據當時歷史背景
phase in the art of jade carving dating from late Spring-
及參考後世砣機式樣想像復原而來。第四期時，我們 and-Autumn period to the Northern and Southern
在明代《天工開物》珠玉篇中找到了目前發現最早的 Dynasties. Since people still sat on the ground, the tuo
治玉砣機式樣圖（圖二、三），並有對琢玉的描述：「凡 mechanisms used would have still been installed on low
玉初剖時，冶鐵為圓盤，以盆水盛砂，足踏圓盤使轉， tables during this period. With improvements in iron
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添沙剖玉，逐乎劃斷」 。可以看出圓盤砣機的式樣和 metallurgy technology, iron tuo came into use. Even
though the tuo wheels were still manually powered, the
解玉砂如何使用，但未涉及到其它的雕琢工具及拋光
speed in which jades were worked improved further
工具。 due to the iron tool’s superior hardness and sharpness
compared to bronze.
目前所見介紹古代玉雕工藝流程最為詳細的是清末李
澄淵所作的《玉作圖》，這是李澄淵於一八九一年（光 The fourth phase occurred with the development in

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