Page 262 - Japanese marks and seals on pottery, paper and other objects.

224 ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS AND PRINTED BOOKS.

of all descriptions is Hong. Hanging paintings, or written
inscriptions in the same form, are known as Kakimono.
In nearly all cases the title of the work is written upon a
label affixed to the exterior of the book, but the name of
the artist is seldom given except upon the paintings
themselves, which occasionally bear his signature or seal.
In analysing the various characters found in the list of
marks, those which express the word Volume may be taken
first. The word Maki is most frequently used, but upon
the older works Satsu is occasionally found the literal
;
meaning of the latter word is a slip of bamboo, and its
application in the sense named arises from the fact that
in China, in very ancient times before paper was in general
use, thin slips of wood took its place.

SATSU. MAKI-
Vohnne. Vohtme.
When the work consists of a single volume, the word
Zen is used, and when there are a number of volumes,
each of them is marked with the character Maki and the
appropriate number, as shown by the examples given :

ZEN.
Single volume.

MAKI NO ICHI. MAKI NO NI. MAKI NO SAN. MAKI NO SHI.
\st volume. 'znd volume. -^rd vohime. ^t/i vohime.