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16 Tang Bingjunࡥ٢ඓ, Wenfang sikao tushuo ˖גໍϽྡႭ [Research on the
Scholars’ Studio] (Beijing: Shumu wenxian chuban she, 1996 [1778]).

17
Excerpts from Wenfang sikao are also reprinted in Xiong and Xiong comps., 251-253.
In order to know which parts of Wenfang sikao were authored by Tang and which were
compilations, I examined and compared the Wenfang sikao tushuo (Beijing: Shumu
wenxian chuban she, 1996 [1778]) Beijing edition with the excerpted parts in the Xiong
version (2006).

18
Liang Tongshu ૑Νࣣ, Guyao qikao̚ᇉኜϽ [Research on Old Wares] is compiled
in Xiong and Xiong (2006), 263-279. Liang Tongshu lived between 1723 and 1815. He
was a Qing dynasty calligrapher, passing the juren degree in 1747. In the same year he
was a special appointee to the imperial degree and serving in the Hanlin Academy during
the Qianlong period reign. His most famous handscroll (571 x 33.4 cm) was the Sulao
quanwen juan (ᘽϼݰ˖՜), which is now in the National Palace Museum (Taipei). For
the overview of Liang Tongshu’s most famous works of art and his writing on kiln wares,
see Xiong and Xiong, comps. (2006), 263, fn.1. The Xiong and Xiong version reprints
Wenfang sikao as completely separate from Guyao qikao but notes that Guyao qikao was
extracted from Liang Tongshu’s essay, Gutong ciqi kao. See Xiong and Xiong (2006),
279. For more biographical information about Liang Tongshu, see Li Keyou ҽ߅ʾ and
Wu Shuicun 吴˥π, eds., Guci jianding zhinan ̚ନᛠ֛ܸی [Guide to Expertising]
(Beijing: Yanshan chubanshe, 1993), 1.

19 For a brief summary of the history of Tiangong kaiwu, see the translators’ preface in
Song Yingxing, Chinese Technology in the Seventeenth Century: T'ien-kung k’ai wu
(1966), Translator’s introduction. I have read the ceramic sections in the version
reprinted in Xiong and Xiong, 193-219.

20 Cambridge University Library has an entire set of the ten juan, eighty-ce compendium.
Ma Junliang wrote a preface for each of the volumes (juan); his prefaces indicate that he
was trying to collect and publish writings not included in court sponsored encyclopedic
sets. I have translated one here after examining them: “At first, this collectanea gathered
books from Han Wei period. And there were texts written during the Tang Song periods
and beyond that were books of great literary merit. Each generation there have been
people who known of these books. And in recent times, the knowledge of the existence of
these books is even more widespread. These writings cannot be collected and
anthologized. This is the fifth section,” in compiler’s preface Ma Junliang ৵ڲԄ,
Longwei mishu Ꮂ۾।ࣣ (Shimen: Dayou shanfang, 1794-96).

21
See the literary Jingdezhen Tao lu, juan 10, 275. Lan Pu ᔝऌ and Zheng Tinggui ቍҒ
࣭, Jingdezhen taolu ౻ᅃᕄௗ፽ [Record on Jingdezhen Porcelain] (1815), ed., Mian
Lianਐஹ (Jinan: Shandong huabao, 2004). The book has been republished and gone
through many reprints in the twentieth century. Hereafter, my citations to Jingdezhen