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Efficacy of DTFC compared with the BTFC
AGP Konstas et al
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combination (BTFC, Combigan) are commonly- All newly diagnosed, previously untreated POAG
prescribed fixed combinations for the treatment of patients who agreed to participate and met the inclusion
glaucoma that have been approved in several countries and exclusion criteria in the three study centres were
worldwide. 12,13 Separate diurnal IOP comparisons enrolled. Inclusion criteria were age between 39 and
between fixed and unfixed therapy with DTFC 15 and 85 years; best-corrected distance Snellen visual acuity
BTFC 16 have reported similar efficacy. More recently, a greater than 0.1 in the study eye; early-to-moderate
17
study in which IOP was measured over 24 h compared, POAG (defined as patients who exhibit glaucomatous
for the first time, BTFC with the concomitant disc damage with disc cupping not exceeding 0.8, and
administration of its individual components and reproducible glaucomatous visual field loss with a mean
reported similar efficacy between the two regimens. deviation better than �12.0 dB in the study eye with
Nevertheless, the mean IOP reduction over 24 h (22%) Humphrey 24-2 SITA standard automated perimetry);
observed with BTFC was less than anticipated. 17 patient could safely undergo wash out; open anterior
Although this range of pressure reduction is consistent chamber angles; untreated baseline IOP greater than
with the evidence obtained from the regulatory trials for 25 mm Hg, and lower than 40 mm Hg at 1000 (±1 h).
BTFC, 18,19 the extent of the 24-h IOP reduction is less than
that observed with DTFC. 20 Specifically, with DTFC,
reported daytime IOP reduction ranges from 27 to 33% 21–24 Exclusion criteria
and the 24-h IOP reduction ranges between 26 and Exclusion criteria were evidence of concurrent
28% 25–27 in published studies.
conjunctivitis, keratitis, or uveitis in either eye; history
At present, there are few data from randomised clinical
of ocular herpes simplex, or macular oedema; history of
studies directly comparing these two fixed combinations,
inadequate adherence; allergic hypersensitivity,
and the data that have been reported suggest similar intolerance, or contraindication to either b-blockers,
daytime efficacy. 28,29 A more detailed comparison of the
brimonidine, dorzolamide, or benzalconium chloride;
efficacy of the two combinations can be made by intraocular conventional or laser surgery in the study
recording IOP throughout a 24-h period. 30
eye; child-bearing potential or lactation; previous history
The purpose of the present study is to compare the
of ocular trauma; use of corticosteroids (within 2 months
difference in IOP-lowering efficacy when measured over
before the enrolment), severe dry eyes; and use of contact
24 h, between these two fixed combinations in patients
lenses. The demographics of the study patients are
with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
shown in Table 1.
Materials and methods
Procedures
Informed consent was obtained from all participants
before they entered this observer-masked, crossover All eligible patients underwent first a timolol 0.5% run-in
study. period for at least 8 weeks before the randomisation to
either DTFC or BTFC. Enrolled patients were treated for
at least 8 weeks with timolol 0.5% given twice daily (0800
Patient eligibility
and 2000 h). After this run-in period, they underwent a
Consecutive adults with newly diagnosed, early-to- timolol-treated daytime IOP assessment with three
moderate POAG (defined as glaucomatous disc damage separate IOP measurements performed at 1000, 1200 and
with vertical disc cupping not exceeding 0.8. and 1400 h. Only patients with a mean daytime IOP (average
reproducible glaucomatous visual field loss less than
12.0 dB in the study eye with Humphrey 24-2 automated
perimetry) were recruited in three academic participating Table 1 Baseline characteristics (n ¼ 60 completed patients)
centres: the Glaucoma Unit of the 1st University
Characteristic
Department of Ophthalmology, AHEPA Hospital,
Thessaloniki, Greece; the Center for the Study of Male, n (%) 27 (45.0)
Female, n (%) 33 (55.0)
Glaucoma, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; and
Mean age (years)±SD 65.3±11.9
Ophthalmic Consultant Centres, University of Toronto,
Range 31.0, 81.0
Mississauga, ON, Canada. All study candidates had to Mean morning baseline IOP pressure (mm Hg)±SD 27.9±2.7
exhibit a typical disc or visual field damage, a mean Mean Snellen best-corrected visual acuity±SD 0.9±0.2
untreated IOP greater than 25 mm Hg at baseline (two Mean vertical cup/disc ratio±SD 0.6±0.2
IOP measurements performed at 1000±1 h), and central Mean visual field loss mean deviation (dB)±SD �4.5±3.6
corneal thickness between 500–600 mm. Abbreviation: IOP, intraocular pressure.

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