Page 32 - PHLEBOTOMY STUDY GUIDE

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TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Blood bank – A place where blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into components, stored,
and prepared for transfusion to recipients; a blood bank may be a separate free-standing facility, or part of
a larger laboratory in a hospital
Blood-borne Pathogens Standard – An OSHA-mandated set of requirements con

cerning protection against pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted via human blood and cause
diseases in humans; these pathogens include hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus

Blood culture – A laboratory test used to check for bacteria or other mic-organisms in a blood sample
Blood smear – A blood test performed on slides that gives information about the number and shape of
blood cells

Biohazard – Anything that is a risk to organisms, such as ionizing radiation or harmful bacteria or
viruses

Biologic hazards – Also called biohazards; any risks to organisms. Including ionizing radiation and
harmful bacteria or viruses; any conditions or phenomena that increase the probability of harm
Capillary puncture – Also known as a dermal puncture or finger stick, used to collect small samples of
blood composed collect small samples of blood comped of capillary, venous or arterial blood

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) – The application of chest compressions and ventilations to
patients in cardiac arrest, done in an effort to maintain viability until advanced help arrives
Catheter – A hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel or cavity of the body to withdraw
fluids

Centrifuge – A device that spins laboratory specimens at high speeds to separate the samples into their
components for testing purposes

Cerebrospinal fluid – Liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Chain of custody – The paper tail showing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and
disposition of specimens that may be used
Chemical reagent strip testing – A method of urine collection that may be ordered to diagnose urinary
tract infections or to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy

CLIA-waived – Tests of the least complexity to perform and with a low risk error
Coagulation – The process by which a clot forms in the blood

Critical value – A laboratory test result outside of the expected reference range that can be threating

Culture and Sensitivity – A test performed to test for infections
Decontamination – The process of removing foreign material such as blood, body fluids, or
radioactivity; it does not eliminate micro-organisms but is a necessary step by step preceding disinfections
or sterilization

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