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and vainglorious ruler, rather than an entire kingdom” (Archer, “Daniel,” 87).
47 Gleason L. Archer, A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, rev. ed. (Chicago: Moody, 2007),

384.
48 G. H. Lang, Daniel.

49 A. C. Gaebelein, The Prophet Daniel (New York: Our Hope Publishers, 1911), 77.

50 Miller, Daniel, 204.

51 Young, Daniel, 152.

52 Montgomery, Daniel, 302.

53 Driver, Daniel, 87.
54 Norman W. Porteous, Daniel: A Commentary, The Old Testament Library (Philadelphia:

Westminster, 1965), 110.
55 For a good discussion as to why this refers to Christ, see Wood, Daniel, 192–93; and Miller,

Daniel, 207–10.
56 So Towner writes, “This usage must simply be understood as a title of address, one could call

a prophet ‘son of man’ and mean simply ‘Mister’!” W. Sibley Towner, Daniel, Interpretation: A
Biblical Commentary for Preaching and Teaching (Atlanta: John Knox, 1984), 103.

57 Keil, Daniel, 236.
58 The Jewish apocryphal book of Enoch, which is earlier than Jude, attests that the term refers

to an individual. See the excellent footnote in Alexander Jones, ed., The Jerusalem Bible
(Garden City, NY; London: Doubleday; Darton, Longman & Todd, 1966) at Daniel 7:13 (1437,
OT) and Matthew 8:20 (27, NT). Young, Daniel, 155–56.

59 Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 6 vols. (New York: Peter Fenelon
Collier & Son, 1901), 2:1441.

60 Ibid., 2:1458.

61 It also agrees with the apostle Paul’s description of the church as a “mystery” that “was not
made known to the sons of men in other generations” (Eph. 3:1–6; Col. 1:24–26).
62 Leupold, Daniel, 313–14.

63 Keil, Daniel, 237–39.

64 Robert Henry Charles, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel (Oxford:
Clarendon, 1929), 79.

65 Ibid.