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Ezek. 47:10, 15, 19, 20; 48:28). He concludes that the disturbance symbolized by the beast
coming out of the sea prophesies that the origin of action would be the Mediterranean. This is,
at least, a plausible interpretation (George Henry Lang, The Histories and Prophecies of Daniel
[repr. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1973], 86–89).
20 The radical textual emendations of H. Ginsberg (Studies in Daniel [New York: Jewish
Theological Seminary of America, 1948], chap. 2, 5ff.) have been successfully disposed of by
H. H. Rowley (“The Unity of the Book of Daniel,” in Hebrew Union College Annual 23 [1951],
233–73, and The Servant of the Lord and Other Essays on the Old Testament [London:
Lutterworth, 1952], 250ff.).
21 Baldwin also notes, “The lion and eagle are both used by Jeremiah in a description of
Nebuchadnezzar (Jer. 49:10–22)” (Joyce C. Baldwin, Daniel, Tyndale Old Testament
Commentaries [Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1978], 139).
22 Rowley, Darius the Mede, 144–46.
23 R. D. Wilson, Studies in the Book of Daniel (repr. New York: Putnam, 1917). See especially his
chapter on “The Medes and the Conquest of Babylon,” 1:145–49.
24 Samuel Rolles Driver, The Book of Daniel, The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1900), 82.
25 John Goldingay, Daniel, Word Biblical Commentary, David A. Hubbard and Glenn W. Barker,
eds. (Dallas: Word, 1989), 164.
26 Edward J. Young, The Prophecy of Daniel (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1949), 145. Archer notes,
“This corresponds perfectly to the three major conquests the Medes and Persians made under
the leadership of King Cyrus and his son Cambyses: viz., the Lydian kingdom in Asia Minor
(which fell to Cyrus in 546), the Chaldean Empire (which he annexed in 539), and the
kingdom of Egypt (which Cambyses acquired in 525)” (Archer, “Daniel,” 85).
27 For a summary of Daniel’s prophecies about Greece, see Walvoord, The Nations in Prophecy,
76–82.
28 Young, Daniel, 145–46.
29 John Calvin, Commentaries on the Book of the Prophet Daniel, 2 vols., Thomas Myers, trans.
(Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1852), 2:18–19; Jerome, Commentary on Daniel,
Gleason L. Archer Jr., trans. (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1958), 75.
30 Keil, Daniel, 293. For a brief history of events leading to the division of Alexander’s empire,
see Harold Hoehner, “Between the Testaments,” in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, vol. 1,
Frank E. Gaebelein, ed. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1985), 81–82.
