Page 214 - Daniel

31 Young, Daniel, 146.
32 H. C. Leupold, Exposition of Daniel (Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1949), 287. See also Archer

(“Daniel,” 86), who forcefully states, “Very clearly, then, the four heads and four wings
represent the Macedonian conquest and its subsequent divisions. But there is no way in which
a quadripartite character can be made out for the Persian Empire either under Cyrus or under
any of his successors. That empire remained unified till its end, when it suddenly collapsed
under the onslaught of Alexander the Great.”

33 So Miller writes, “By the second century B.C., Rome had superseded Greece as the dominant
world power. The fourth beast, therefore, represents the Roman Empire, symbolized in chap. 2

by the iron legs and feet of the great statue” (Stephen Miller, Daniel, The New American
Commentary [Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 2001], 201).

34 For a summary of the history of Rome, see Walvoord, The Nations in Prophecy, 83–87.
35 Rowley, Darius the Mede, 71.

36 Ibid., 93.

37 Goldingay illustrates this point when he refers to the chapter as a “quasi-predictive vision
deriving from the period on which it focuses and to which it is especially relevant (that of the
king symbolized by the small horn) [rather] than an actual predictive vision from the sixth

century. It thus presupposes actions by Antiochus IV against Jerusalem …” (Goldingay, Daniel,
157).

38 Leupold, Daniel, 297–98.
39 Young, Daniel, 293.

40 Cf. ibid.

41 Cf. ibid., 290.

42 Cf. Young, Daniel, 275–94; and Leupold, Daniel, 298–99.

43 Young, Daniel, 148–50.
44 Leupold, Daniel, 308.

45 Premillennialists look to Revelation 13 and 17 for support. A beast with ten horns rises from

the sea in 13:1. In 17:12 an angel announces to John that “the ten horns that you saw are ten
kings who have not yet received royal power, but they are to receive authority as kings for one
hour, together with the beast.” Thus the ten horns were still future at the time the book of
Revelation was written, six centuries after Daniel.

46 So Archer writes, “These features seem to imply that this little horn symbolizes an arrogant