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MSCS FOR CHRONIC WOUND TREATMENTS 565

protocols for the cultivation and characterization of MSCs 9. Martin, P., and Leibovich, S.J. Inflammatory cells during
are recommended. Furthermore, more studies are needed to wound repair: the good, the bad and the ugly. Trends Cell
elucidate the repair mechanisms of MSCs in human wounds Biol 15, 599, 2005.
and to optimize their regenerative potential. 10. Koh, T.J., and DiPietro, L.A. Inflammation and wound
healing: the role of the macrophage. Expert Rev Mol Med
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11. Gurtner, G.C., Werner, S., Barrandon, Y., and Longaker,
MSCs have shown promise in facilitating the healing of M.T. Wound repair and regeneration. Nature 453, 314, 2008.
chronic wounds in a large number of animal studies. They 12. Baum, C.L., and Arpey, C.J. Normal cutaneous wound
have many critical roles in wound healing, and their para- healing: clinical correlation with cellular and molecular
crine actions are regarded as the primary repair mechanism. events. Dermatol Surg 31, 674, 2005.
Consistent with preclinical studies, clinical trials have 13. Ko, S.H., Nauta, A., Wong, V., Glotzbach, J., Gurtner,
demonstrated improved wound healing outcomes after the G.C., and Longaker, M.T. The role of stem cells in cu-
use of MSCs for different types of chronic wounds, but there taneous wound healing: what do we really know? Plast
are some limitations that should be noted, particularly a Reconstr Surg 127, 10S, 2011.
small number of patients and the imperfect methodology. In 14. Martin, P., and Nunan, R. Cellular and molecular mech-
the future, more research is recommended to optimize the anisms of repair in acute and chronic wound healing. Br J
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cell source, dose, timing, and route of administration, es-
15. Loots, M.A., Lamme, E.N., Zeegelaar, J., Mekkes, J.R.,
pecially in large-scale controlled multicenter clinical trials.
Bos, J.D., and Middelkoop, E. Differences in cellular in-
However, based on current data, it is undeniable that MSC-
Downloaded by 23.227.145.6 from www.liebertpub.com at 08/10/21. For personal use only.
filtrate and extracellular matrix of chronic diabetic and
based therapy offers a promising treatment option for
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16. Diegelmann, R.F., and Evans, M.C. Wound healing: an
Disclosure Statement overview of acute, fibrotic and delayed healing. Front
No competing financial interests exist. Biosci 9, 283, 2004.
17. Eming, S.A., Martin, P., and Tomic-Canic, M. Wound
repair and regeneration: mechanisms, signaling, and
Funding Information
translation. Sci Transl Med 6, 265sr6, 2014.
This work was financially supported by National Natural 18. Frykberg, R.G., and Banks, J. Challenges in the treatment
Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31600792), Post- of chronic wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 4,
Doctor Research Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan 560, 2015.
University (No. 2018HXBH053), and the 1.3.5 Project for 19. Falanga, V. Wound healing and its impairment in the di-
Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan abetic foot. Lancet 366, 1736, 2005.
University (Grant No. ZYJC18002). 20. Podd, D. Beyond skin deep: managing pressure injuries.
JAAPA 31, 10, 2018.
21. Olascoaga, A., Vilar-Compte, D., Poitevin-Chaco ´n, A.,
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