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Taylor, Frederic W. (1856–1915), 212 Vienna Stock Exchange, crash of (1873),
techné, 14, 17 11, 12
technology, 28–29, 33, 129 Vinci, Leonardo de (1452–1519),
biological vs. mechanical models for, 3–4 133–134, 137
convergence of, 84–85, 114, 122, 124 vitamins, 210–211, 216, 218, 222
in Japan, 33, 44, 123 Volkswagen, 86-87, 108
telecommunications industry: Volkswagen Beetle, 86–87
long-distance market for, 82, 83, 84, 85, 226, Volkswagen do Brasil, 87
231–232 Voltaire, François Arouet de (1694–1778),
technology of, 84–85, 122, 124 244
telegraph, 32, 109, 113, 127–128 Volvo, 80, 81
telephone, 127–128
television, 44, 53, 64, 131 Wallace, Henry C. (1866–1924),
textbooks, 31 111–112
Theorie der Wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, Die Walt Disney Productions, 169
(Schumpeter), 27 3M, 28–29, 147, 163, Wang, An (1920- ), 211, 213,
165, 170, 171, 190, 212, 217, 218 215, 216
Thurn and Taxis, 244 Wang Laboratories, 211, 217, 222
Time, 73 Washington, Booker T. (1856–1915),
Times (London), 113 101
tin cans, sealing of, 234, 235 watches, digital, 221–222, 224
tires, automobile, 192–193 Watson, Thomas, Jr. (1914– ),
Tocqueville, Alexis de (1805–1859), 117
254 Watson, Thomas, Sr. (1874–1956),
Toshiba, 44 43, 117
Toyota, 79, 108 Watt, James (1736–1819),
tranquilizers, 211 134
transistors, 109, 225, 231 Wealth of Nations (Smith), 26, 145, 216,
travelers checks, 241 265–266
“triage,” 61 Welfare State, 7, 253
turbines, steam, 247–248 Wells, H. C. (1866–1946),
Tylenol, 85, 222–223 120
typesetting, 70, 71, 113 Weltanschauung, 29
Westinghouse, 120
unexpected factors, 35, 37–56, 140, 230, 255 Westinghouse, George (1846–1914),
failures as, 46–52 12
outside events as, 52–56 White, WaIter (1893–1955),
successes as, 37–46, 156 101
unions, labor, 87, 93, 180–181 Whitehead, Alfred North (1861–1947),
United Parcel Service, 86 108
United States: Whyte, William H. (1917– ),
deindustrialization of, 1, 2, 8, 16 14
economic cycles in, 11, 12 Wood, Robert E. (1879–1969),
middle vs. working classes in, 48, 103–104 97
as society of organizations, 15, 31–32 word processors, 211, 216, 222
Univac, 44, 191 wrenches, universal, 130
Universal Bank, 12, 113, 114 Wright, Orville (1871–1948),
universities: 35, 112, 114, 115
modern development of, 23–24, 177, Wright, Wilbur (1867–1912),
212–218, 262, 264-265 35, 112, 114, 115
student enrollment in, 24, 45, 92–96, Wundt, Wilhelm (1832-1920),
97, 106 110
University of Berlin, 177, 212, 213–214, 216
Unternehmer, 25 Xerox, 153, 191, 226, 227–228, 229,
Urwick, Lyndall (1891–1983), 230, 246–247, 251
110 X-Ray diffraction, 114
youth rebellion, 96–97, 106
“Yuppies,” 106
vacuum tube, 225, 228
Valium, 211 zippers, 130, 131
value-added tax (VAT), 262–263
venture capital, 4, 113, 257
Verne, Jules (1828–1905),
120
Vesper, Karl H. (1932– ),
267
veterinary medicine, 40–42, 189
videocassettes, 33–34